Respiratory System Exam Questions

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A nurse is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. The client's breath sounds are absent. While another nurse calls the Rapid Response Team

  • A. what action by the nurse takes is most important?
  • B. Take a full set of vital signs.
  • C. Obtain pulse oximetry reading.
  • D. Ask the patient about hemoptysis.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, taking a full set of vital signs, as it is crucial in assessing the client's overall condition and detecting any signs of deterioration. Vital signs include blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, which provide valuable information about the client's cardiovascular and respiratory status. In this scenario, absent breath sounds indicate potential respiratory compromise, making it essential to monitor vital signs for any signs of respiratory distress or instability.

Choice A is incorrect because calling the Rapid Response Team is important, but assessing the client's vital signs should take priority to provide immediate information on the client's condition. Choice C, obtaining pulse oximetry reading, is also important but may not provide a comprehensive assessment of the client's overall condition compared to a full set of vital signs. Choice D, asking about hemoptysis, is not the most urgent action to take in this situation as assessing vital signs would provide more immediate and critical information for the client's management.

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which component of pharynx received the Eustachian tube

  • A. oropharynx
  • B. laryngopharynx
  • C. Nasopharynx
  • D. none of these
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nasopharynx. The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, allowing for pressure equalization. The oropharynx (A) and laryngopharynx (B) do not directly receive the Eustachian tube. Choice D is incorrect as the Eustachian tube does connect to a specific part of the pharynx.

With respect to regional gas exchange in the upright lung

  • A. Ventilation is greater at the top of the lungs
  • B. Perfusion is much greater at the top of the lungs compared with the bases
  • C. Ventilation/perfusion ratio is abnormally high at the top of the lungs
  • D. PO2 is highest at the bases of the lungs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the upright lung, the ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher at the top due to gravity causing increased perfusion at the bases. This results in a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion, leading to a higher V/Q ratio at the top. Choices A and B are incorrect because ventilation is actually greater at the bases due to the effect of gravity, leading to higher ventilation there. Choice D is incorrect because PO2 is higher at the apex of the lung due to decreased perfusion but not at the bases.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere is

  • A. 0.004 percent.
  • B. 0.04 percent.
  • C. 0.4 percent
  • D. 4.0 percent.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (0.04 percent) because the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere is around 400 parts per million (ppm), which is equivalent to 0.04 percent. This concentration is widely accepted by scientific research and measurements. Choice A (0.004 percent) is too low and doesn't accurately reflect the actual concentration. Choice C (0.4 percent) and choice D (4.0 percent) are both too high, which are significantly above the current levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it aligns with the established scientific data on carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.

What does a nurse assess postoperatively in a client with a nasal fracture?

  • A. Allergic reaction
  • B. Airway obstruction
  • C. Extreme sense of smell
  • D. Stridor
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Airway obstruction is a critical concern after a nasal fracture due to potential swelling or displacement of bone fragments. A (allergic reaction) is unrelated. C (extreme sense of smell) is not a concern postoperatively. D (stridor) indicates severe airway compromise but is less common in nasal fractures.

A slightly obese female client with a history of allergy-induced asthma, hypertension, and mitral valve prolapse is admitted to an acute care facility for elective surgery. The nurse obtains a complete history and performs a thorough physical examination, paying special attention to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. When percussing the client's chest wall, the nurse expects to elicit:

  • A. Resonant sounds.
  • B. Hyperresonant sounds.
  • C. Dull sounds.
  • D. Flat sounds.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Resonant sounds. Percussing the chest of a healthy individual typically elicits resonant sounds due to the presence of air-filled lung tissue. In this case, the client has a history of asthma, which indicates airway inflammation and possible mucus accumulation, making resonant sounds more likely. Hyperresonant sounds (B) are typically heard in conditions like emphysema with increased lung volume. Dull sounds (C) are indicative of fluid or solid tissue present in the lungs, which is not expected in this client. Flat sounds (D) are heard over areas of solid tissue or muscle, not in the chest of a client with respiratory conditions.

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