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A nurse is assessing a community’s exposure to pollutants by examining contaminated soil, air, water, and food. Which functional health pattern is being assessed by the nurse?
- A. Nutritional-metabolic pattern
- B. Elimination pattern
- C. Health-perception–health management pattern
- D. Values-beliefs pattern
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elimination pattern includes exposure to pollutants, which impacts health through contaminated environmental factors.
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A client is scheduled to have open-heart surgery but has not been informed about potential complications. Which ethical concept has been ignored?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Informed consent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent ensures clients understand the risks and benefits of procedures before agreeing to them.
A client is experiencing an alteration in the health-perception–health-management pattern and an alteration in the values-beliefs pattern. Which of the following best describes the behavior of this person?
- A. Never sees a physician
- B. Only sees a physician if not feeling well
- C. Sees a physician for screenings only
- D. Sees a physician for follow-up care of a chronic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This person likely only sees a physician when unwell, reflecting an altered health perception and values.
The nurse is caring for a person who is obese, sedentary, and has recently been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following goals for the person is correctly stated?
- A. The person will exercise more often.
- B. The person will consume 900 calories a day.
- C. The person will walk one-quarter mile a day, 5 days a week.
- D. The person will eliminate all refined sugar and processed foods from her diet.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Goals must be realistic, specific, and measurable. Exercising “more often” is too broad a statement.
A health care provider is discussing preventive care with a Hispanic family. Why might they be disinterested?
- A. Lack of folk remedies
- B. Lack of interpreter services
- C. Lack of health insurance
- D. Lack of family support
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Language barriers and lack of insurance often prevent access to health care.
Which classification system fulfills needs that are exclusive to nursing?
- A. The International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP)
- B. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)
- C. The International Nursing Diagnoses Classification (NANDA-I)
- D. The Nursing Diagnostic System (NDS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NANDA-I is specific to nursing and includes diagnostic criteria and related etiologies for nursing diagnoses.