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A nurse is assessing a pregnant client and learns that the client is addicted to cocaine. The nurse informs the client about the risks of cocaine addiction for her fetus. Which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. The child may be born with diabetes.
- B. The child may be born with hypertension.
- C. The child may be born with an addiction to drugs.
- D. The child may be born with CNS defects.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse informs the client that children born to mothers using addictive drugs are often born with an addiction to the drug. Children born to mothers who are addicted to cocaine are not known to be born with diabetes, CNS defects, or hypertension.
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Plasma concentration of drug at time 0 is 96(g/ml). If t½ is 2 hours concentration in plasma at 10 hours will be
- A. 48
- B. 24
- C. 12
- D. 3
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In first-order kinetics, the concentration halves every half-life (t½ = 2 hours). At 10 hours (5 half-lives), 96 → 48 → 24 → 12 → 6 → 3 µg/ml.
You need to infuse 1,200 mL of a medication over 6 hours with a drop factor of 10 gtt/mL. Calculate the flow rate in drops per minute.
- A. 30 gtt/min
- B. 33 gtt/min
- C. 40 gtt/min
- D. 50 gtt/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flow rate = (1,200 mL 10 gtt/mL) ÷ (6 60) = 12,000 ÷ 360 = 33.33 gtt/min, rounded to 33 gtt/min (same as Q4).
The antidote for paracetamol poisoning is:
- A. Acetylsalicylic acid
- B. Acetylcysteine
- C. Prostacyclin
- D. Omeprazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione, detoxifying paracetamol's toxic metabolite.
When assessing a patient before starting a drug regimen, why would the nurse consider it important to assess baseline kidney function?
- A. To anticipate adverse effects of drugs
- B. To determine patient's baseline electrolyte levels
- C. To determine patient's ability to excrete the drug
- D. To determine patient's ability to metabolize the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kidney function determines drug excretion, critical for dosing and avoiding toxicity.
A patient is diagnosed with histoplasmosis and will begin taking ketoconazole. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?
- A. Take the medicine twice daily
- B. Take the medication with food
- C. You may consume small amounts of alcohol
- D. You will not need lab tests while taking this drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ketoconazole absorption improves with food; it's once daily, and alcohol or no labs are incorrect. Ketoconazole should be taken with food.