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A nurse is assessing an 8-year-old girl with a mood disorder. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to assess?
- A. Statement from the child that she feels sad
- B. Behavioral problems
- C. Recurrent obsessions
- D. Ritualistic behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mood disorders in children, such as depression, often present with verbalized feelings of sadness (option A). Behavioral problems (option B) may occur but are less specific. Options C and D are more characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not a mood disorder.
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The nurse is counseling a family whose 4-year-old child has mild mental retardation. The nurse is working with the family on realistic long-term goals. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
- A. Locating suitable residential placement for the child
- B. Finding a foster home for the child
- C. Achieving independent functioning of the child as an adult
- D. Preventing the onset of psychiatric disorders in the child
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a child with mild mental retardation, realistic long-term goals focus on maximizing independence to the extent possible. Mild mental retardation typically allows individuals to achieve some level of independent functioning as adults, such as living in supported environments or performing simple jobs with guidance. Options A and B (residential placement or foster home) are premature and not necessarily appropriate for mild cases, as they imply more severe disability. Option D is less feasible, as psychiatric disorders may not be preventable due to the complexity of mental health conditions.
The nurse is preparing to initiate a behavioral treatment program for a child with encopresis. Which of the following would the nurse most likely implement first?
- A. Administration of mineral oil
- B. Bowel Cleansing
- C. Low-fiber diet
- D. Toilet sitting after each meal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For encopresis, the first step is typically bowel cleansing to address any fecal impaction, which can contribute to involuntary soiling. Mineral oil (option A) or toilet sitting (option D) may follow, and a low-fiber diet (option C) is counterproductive, as high fiber is preferred.
The parents of a child with ADHD bring the child for a follow-up visit. During the visit, they tell the nurse that the child receives his first dose of methylphenidate (Ritalin) at about 7:30 AM every morning before leaving for school. The teacher and school nurse have noticed a return in the child?s overactivity and distractibility just before lunch. The child?s second dose is scheduled for about 12 noon. Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a possible solution to control the child?s symptoms a bit more effectively?
- A. Giving the second dose at 1 PM or later.
- B. Switching to a longer acting preparation.
- C. Splitting the early morning dose in half.
- D. Switching to another class of medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Switching to a longer-acting preparation of methylphenidate can provide more consistent symptom control throughout the morning, addressing the return of symptoms before lunch. Delaying the second dose (option A) may prolong symptoms, splitting the dose (option C) may not provide adequate coverage, and switching medication classes (option D) is unnecessary without further evaluation.
The nurse is giving a presentation comparing and contrasting autism disorder and Asperger syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse include as differentiating Asperger syndrome from autism disorder?
- A. Children typically do not engage in stereotypic behavior.
- B. They display age-appropriate intelligence.
- C. The children often reverse pronouns when speaking.
- D. They appear aloof and indifferent to others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asperger syndrome is distinguished from autism by the presence of age-appropriate intelligence and language development, though social challenges persist. Option A is incorrect, as stereotypic behaviors may still occur in Asperger?s. Option C is more typical of autism, not Asperger?s. Option D applies to both conditions and does not differentiate them.
A nurse is providing parent training for parents of a child diagnosed with a disruptive behavior disorder involving the use of time out. When describing how to implement this, which of the following would the nurse identify as the first step?
- A. Having the child recount the reason for the time out
- B. Clearly identifying what is required for the child
- C. Informing the child what will happen because of the behavior
- D. Placing the child in a designated area removed from others
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step in implementing time out is to clearly identify the expected behavior (option B), as this sets the foundation for the child to understand what actions lead to consequences. Options A, C, and D follow later in the process.