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A child diagnosed with autism is hospitalized in an inpatient mental health unit. When developing the plan of care for this child, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Ensuring that a variety of caregivers are available for the child
- B. Providing a consistent, structured environment with predictable routines
- C. Allowing the child frequent visits off the unit to provide stimulation
- D. Sending the child to the time out area if the child repeats phrases continually
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with autism thrive in consistent, structured environments with predictable routines, as these reduce anxiety and support behavioral stability. Option A is counterproductive, as multiple caregivers can disrupt consistency. Option C may overstimulate the child, and option D is inappropriate for managing repetitive behaviors typical of autism.
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The nurse is caring for a 3½-year-old child with autism who has been hospitalized. The child rocks continuously without any danger present to the child?s safety. Which intervention by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Continue to monitor the child?s behaviors.
- B. Hold the child until the child stops rocking.
- C. Ignore the child?s rocking behavior.
- D. Place the child in a time out area until the rocking stops.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rocking is a common self-soothing behavior in children with autism and is not harmful in this context. Ignoring the behavior (option C) is most appropriate, as it avoids reinforcing or escalating the behavior while ensuring safety. Option A is passive and less specific. Options B and D could distress the child and are inappropriate for non-harmful behaviors.
After teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with ADHD about the disorder and its treatment, the nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the parents state which of the following?
- A. We need to remember that our son is not a bad kid; he just has difficulty with impulse control and attention.
- B. We need to be careful so he doesn?t develop a substance abuse problem as he grows older.
- C. We should stop the medication after 2 months to see how effective it is in really controlling his symptoms.
- D. We should set up regular routines for him but not worry if he violates the limits once in a while.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement in option A reflects an accurate understanding of ADHD as a disorder of impulse control and attention, not a reflection of the child?s character, indicating effective teaching. Option B is a concern but not directly related to core understanding. Option C is incorrect, as stopping medication abruptly is not advisable. Option D is partially correct but downplays the importance of consistent limits.
A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- B. Psychostimulant
- C. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
- D. Alpha agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels to improve attention and impulse control. Option A (SSRI) is for depression, option C (noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) describes drugs like atomoxetine, and option D (alpha agonist) includes drugs like clonidine.
A 12-year-old child is brought to the mental health clinic by his parents because of a court-ordered evaluation. When assessing the child, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the child has a conduct disorder? Select all that apply.
- A. Destruction of neighbor?s car on two separate occasions
- B. Arrests for petty larceny several times
- C. Repetitive disobedience of parents
- D. Blaming of others for problems
- E. Evidence of overt lying
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Conduct disorder involves persistent patterns of behavior that violate societal norms or others? rights. Destruction of property (A), petty larceny (B), disobedience (C), blaming others (D), and lying (E) are all indicative of conduct disorder, as they reflect aggression, deceit, and rule-breaking.
The nurse is giving a presentation comparing and contrasting autism disorder and Asperger syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse include as differentiating Asperger syndrome from autism disorder?
- A. Children typically do not engage in stereotypic behavior.
- B. They display age-appropriate intelligence.
- C. The children often reverse pronouns when speaking.
- D. They appear aloof and indifferent to others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asperger syndrome is distinguished from autism by the presence of age-appropriate intelligence and language development, though social challenges persist. Option A is incorrect, as stereotypic behaviors may still occur in Asperger?s. Option C is more typical of autism, not Asperger?s. Option D applies to both conditions and does not differentiate them.