Nokea
The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Connection to ineffective parental practices
- B. Detection after the child enters school
- C. Onset before child is 2.5 years old
- D. Girls are more frequently affected than boys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that typically appear before the age of 3, often by 2.5 years, including challenges in social interaction and communication. Option A is incorrect, as autism is not caused by parenting practices but is neurodevelopmental. Option B is misleading, as detection often occurs before school age. Option D is false, as boys are more frequently affected than girls.
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A group of nursing students is reviewing information about disruptive behavior disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify which of the following as an externalizing disorder?
- A. Anxiety
- B. Depression
- C. Schizophrenia
- D. Conduct disorder
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conduct disorder is an externalizing disorder characterized by behaviors like aggression and rule-breaking, which are outwardly directed. Anxiety (option A), depression (option B), and schizophrenia (option C) are internalizing or psychotic disorders, not externalizing.
The mother of a child with Asperger disorder tells the nurse that her child has few playmates. She states, 'He has such poor social skills with other children, and he strongly rejects any change in his routine by throwing a tantrum.' Based on this information, the nurse identifies which nursing diagnosis as the priority?
- A. Self-Care Deficits related to repeated tantrums
- B. Risk for Injury related to Asperger disorder
- C. Ineffective Family Coping related to having a child with Asperger disorder
- D. Risk for Social Isolation related to poor social skills of the child
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The child?s poor social skills and resulting lack of playmates directly point to the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Social Isolation, as this is a primary concern based on the mother?s statement. Option A is less relevant, as tantrums do not directly relate to self-care deficits. Option B is not supported, as no immediate physical danger is described. Option C may apply but is less specific than social isolation in this context.
The nurse is caring for a family with a 3-year-old child who has autism disorders. When developing the teaching plan for the parents, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. The child is at higher risk for seizure disorders as well.
- B. The child?s IQ will typically be higher than that of other children.
- C. Dyslexia also may be a comorbid condition.
- D. A structured physical environment is an important aspect.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A structured physical environment is critical for children with autism, as it provides predictability and reduces sensory overload, aiding in behavior management and learning. Option A is true but less central to a teaching plan unless seizures are present. Option B is incorrect, as autism is often associated with a range of IQ levels, not necessarily higher. Option C is less relevant, as dyslexia is not a common comorbidity with autism.
A child diagnosed with autism is hospitalized in an inpatient mental health unit. When developing the plan of care for this child, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Ensuring that a variety of caregivers are available for the child
- B. Providing a consistent, structured environment with predictable routines
- C. Allowing the child frequent visits off the unit to provide stimulation
- D. Sending the child to the time out area if the child repeats phrases continually
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with autism thrive in consistent, structured environments with predictable routines, as these reduce anxiety and support behavioral stability. Option A is counterproductive, as multiple caregivers can disrupt consistency. Option C may overstimulate the child, and option D is inappropriate for managing repetitive behaviors typical of autism.
The school nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child who has demonstrated a significantly lower-than-average score for mental age on standardized tests in reading. However, the child?s IQ scores were within the average range. The nurse interprets this information as suggesting which of the following?
- A. Communication disorder
- B. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- C. Asperger syndrome
- D. Dyslexia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A significantly lower reading score despite an average IQ suggests dyslexia, a learning disorder affecting reading and language processing. Option A is too broad, as communication disorders encompass more than reading issues. Option B (ADHD) typically affects attention, not specifically reading. Option C (Asperger?s) is less likely, as it primarily involves social and behavioral challenges, not reading-specific deficits.