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The nurse is giving a presentation comparing and contrasting autism disorder and Asperger syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse include as differentiating Asperger syndrome from autism disorder?
- A. Children typically do not engage in stereotypic behavior.
- B. They display age-appropriate intelligence.
- C. The children often reverse pronouns when speaking.
- D. They appear aloof and indifferent to others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asperger syndrome is distinguished from autism by the presence of age-appropriate intelligence and language development, though social challenges persist. Option A is incorrect, as stereotypic behaviors may still occur in Asperger?s. Option C is more typical of autism, not Asperger?s. Option D applies to both conditions and does not differentiate them.
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The history of a child newly diagnosed with ADHD reveals that the child is experiencing sleeping difficulties. Which agent would the nurse most likely use?
- A. Methylphenidate
- B. Atomoxetine
- C. Bupropion
- D. Clonidine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, is often used to manage sleep difficulties in children with ADHD, as it has sedative effects. Methylphenidate (option A) and atomoxetine (option B) are stimulants or non-stimulants for ADHD symptoms but may worsen sleep. Bupropion (option C) is an antidepressant and not typically used for ADHD-related sleep issues.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about disruptive behavior disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify which of the following as an externalizing disorder?
- A. Anxiety
- B. Depression
- C. Schizophrenia
- D. Conduct disorder
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conduct disorder is an externalizing disorder characterized by behaviors like aggression and rule-breaking, which are outwardly directed. Anxiety (option A), depression (option B), and schizophrenia (option C) are internalizing or psychotic disorders, not externalizing.
A nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following would the nurse identify as reflecting impulsiveness in the child?
- A. Inability to wait his turn
- B. Restlessness
- C. Difficulty completing a task
- D. Risk-taking behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inability to wait one?s turn is a hallmark of impulsiveness in ADHD, as it reflects acting without forethought. Option B (restlessness) relates to hyperactivity, and option C (difficulty completing tasks) reflects inattention. Option D (risk-taking) may occur but is less specific to impulsiveness than waiting difficulties.
The nurse is counseling a family whose 4-year-old child has mild mental retardation. The nurse is working with the family on realistic long-term goals. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
- A. Locating suitable residential placement for the child
- B. Finding a foster home for the child
- C. Achieving independent functioning of the child as an adult
- D. Preventing the onset of psychiatric disorders in the child
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a child with mild mental retardation, realistic long-term goals focus on maximizing independence to the extent possible. Mild mental retardation typically allows individuals to achieve some level of independent functioning as adults, such as living in supported environments or performing simple jobs with guidance. Options A and B (residential placement or foster home) are premature and not necessarily appropriate for mild cases, as they imply more severe disability. Option D is less feasible, as psychiatric disorders may not be preventable due to the complexity of mental health conditions.
After teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with ADHD about the disorder and its treatment, the nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the parents state which of the following?
- A. We need to remember that our son is not a bad kid; he just has difficulty with impulse control and attention.
- B. We need to be careful so he doesn?t develop a substance abuse problem as he grows older.
- C. We should stop the medication after 2 months to see how effective it is in really controlling his symptoms.
- D. We should set up regular routines for him but not worry if he violates the limits once in a while.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement in option A reflects an accurate understanding of ADHD as a disorder of impulse control and attention, not a reflection of the child?s character, indicating effective teaching. Option B is a concern but not directly related to core understanding. Option C is incorrect, as stopping medication abruptly is not advisable. Option D is partially correct but downplays the importance of consistent limits.