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A nurse is attending a continuing education course about communicable diseases. The nurse should identify that varicella has which of the following incubation periods?
- A. 2 to 5 days
- B. 3 to 4 weeks
- C. 7 to 10 days
- D. 2 to 3 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The incubation period for varicella, or chickenpox, is typically longer than 2 to 5 days. It usually ranges from 10 to 21 days. An incubation period of 3 to 4 weeks is within the typical range for varicella. However, the average incubation period is usually around 14 to 16 days. An incubation period of 7 to 10 days is shorter than the typical incubation period for varicella, which is usually around 14 to 16 days. An incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks is within the typical range for varicella. The average incubation period is usually around 14 to 16 days.
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A nurse is caring for a child who has tinea pedis. The child's parent asks the nurse what this infection is commonly called. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
- A. Shingles
- B. Athlete's foot
- C. Fever blister
- D. Pinworms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash and is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Tinea pedis is a foot infection due to a dermatophyte fungus. It is the most common dermatophyte infection and is particularly prevalent in hot, tropical, urban environments. Interdigital involvement is most commonly seen (this presentation is also known as athlete's foot, although some people use the term for any kind of tinea pedis). Fever blister, also known as cold sores, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They are small, fluid-filled blisters that develop on the lips or around the mouth. Pinworms are a type of parasite that lives in the lower intestine of humans. They are tiny, narrow worms. They are white and less than a half-inch long.
A school nurse is screening an 11-year-old child for idiopathic scoliosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the child for this examination?
- A. Bend forward from the waist with your head and arms downward.
- B. Touch your chin to your chest, and then look up at the ceiling.
- C. Lie prone on the examination table.
- D. Turn to the side and remain in a relaxed position.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bending forward from the waist with the head and arms downward, also known as the Adams forward bend test, is the standard screening test for scoliosis. Touching the chin to the chest and then looking up at the ceiling does not provide a view of the spine necessary for scoliosis screening. Lying prone on the examination table is not a standard position for scoliosis screening. Turning to the side and remaining in a relaxed position is not a standard position for scoliosis screening.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has intussusception. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Mucus and blood in stools.
- B. Increased appetite.
- C. Jaundice.
- D. Drooling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus and blood in stools, often described as 'currant jelly' stools, are a common symptom of intussusception. Increased appetite is not typically associated with intussusception. In fact, children with this condition may experience decreased appetite due to abdominal pain. Jaundice is not a symptom of intussusception. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, is more commonly associated with liver conditions. Drooling is not a typical symptom of intussusception. Symptoms of intussusception are primarily gastrointestinal, including abdominal pain and bloody stools.
A nurse is collecting data from a child who has muscular dystrophy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that Apply)
- A. Spinal defect and sac-like protrusion
- B. Muscular weakness in lower extremities
- C. Kyphosis of the lower spine
- D. Purposeless, involuntary, abnormal movements
- E. Unsteady waddling gait
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Choice A rationale: Spinal defects and sac-like protrusions are not typically associated with muscular dystrophy. They are more commonly seen in conditions like spina bifida. Choice B rationale: Muscular weakness in the lower extremities is a common symptom of muscular dystrophy. This is due to the progressive degeneration of muscle fibers, which leads to weakness and loss of muscle mass. Choice C rationale: Kyphosis of the lower spine can be a complication of muscular dystrophy. As the muscles supporting the spine weaken, the spine can curve abnormally, leading to kyphosis. Choice D rationale: Purposeless, involuntary, abnormal movements are not typically associated with muscular dystrophy. These symptoms are more commonly seen in neurological conditions like Huntington's disease or certain types of cerebral palsy. Choice E rationale: An unsteady waddling gait is often seen in individuals with muscular dystrophy. This is due to the progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass in the lower extremities.
A nurse at a pediatric hotline receives a call from a mother who plans to administer aspirin to a toddler for a fever and wants to know the dosage. Which of the following statements by the nurse is an appropriate response?
- A. Follow the directions on the aspirin bottle for her age and weight.'
- B. She should be given acetaminophen, not aspirin.'
- C. Just be sure you administer the medication with food.'
- D. Give her no more than three baby aspirin every 4 hours.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It's not advisable to follow the directions on the aspirin bottle for her age and weight. Aspirin is not recommended for use in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that can affect the liver and brain. This is the correct response. Acetaminophen is a safer alternative to aspirin for managing fever in children. While it's generally a good idea to administer medication with food to prevent stomach upset, this advice does not address the specific risks associated with giving aspirin to a toddler. Giving a toddler three baby aspirin every 4 hours is not recommended due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.