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A nurse is aware that an increasing emphasis is being placed on health, health promotion, wellness, and self-care. Which of the following activities would best demonstrate the principles of health promotion?
- A. A discharge planning initiative between acute care and community care nurses
- B. Collaboration between several schools of nursing in an urban area
- C. Creation of a smoking prevention program undertaken in a middle school
- D. Establishment of a website where patients can check emergency department wait-times
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smoking prevention is a clear example of health promotion. Each of the other listed activities has the potential to be beneficial, but none is considered health promotion.
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The role of the certified nurse practitioner (CNP) has become a dominant role for nurses in all levels of health care. Which of the following activities are considered integral to the CNP role? Select all that apply.
- A. Educating patients and family members
- B. Coordinating care with other disciplines
- C. Using direct provision of interventions
- D. Educating registered nurses and practical nurses
- E. Coordinating payment plans for patients
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: This role is a dominant one for nurses in primary, secondary, and tertiary health care settings and in home care and community nursing. Nurses help patients meet their needs by using direct intervention, by teaching patients and family members to perform care, and by coordinating and collaborating with other disciplines to provide needed services. The other answers are incorrect because NPs do not commonly perform education of nurses and they do not focus on matters related to payment.
Nurses now have the option to practice in a variety of settings and one of the fastest growing venues of practice for the nurse in todays health care environment is home health care. What is the main basis for the growth in this health care setting?
- A. Chronic nursing shortage
- B. Western focus on treatment of disease
- C. Nurses preferences for day shifts instead of evening or night shifts
- D. Discharge of patients who are more critically ill
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: With shorter hospital stays and increased use of outpatient health care services, more nursing care is provided in the home and community setting. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the basis for the growth in nursing care delivered in the home setting.
A hospitals current quality improvement program has integrated the principles of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) 5 Million Lives Campaign. How can the hospital best achieve the campaign goals of reducing preventable harm and death?
- A. By adhering to EBP guidelines
- B. By reducing nurse-to-patient ratios and increasing accountability
- C. By having researchers from outside the facility evaluate care
- D. By involving patients and families in their care planning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 5 Million Lives Campaign posits that if evidence-based guidelines it advocated were voluntarily implemented by U.S. hospitals, 5 million lives would be saved from either harm or death over a two-year period. Nurse-to-patient ratios, family participation, and independent evaluation are not stated components of the campaign.
The home health nurse is assisting a patient and his family in planning the patients return to work after surgery and the development of postsurgical complications. The nurse is preparing a plan of care that addresses the patients multifaceted needs. To which level of Maslows hierarchy of basic needs does the patients need for self-fulfillment relate?
- A. Physiologic
- B. Transcendence
- C. Love and belonging
- D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maslows highest level of human needs is self-actualization, which includes self-fulfillment, desire to know and understand, and aesthetic needs. The other answers are incorrect because self-fulfillment does not relate directly to them.
A community health nurse has witnessed significant shifts in patterns of disease over the course of a four-decade career. Which of the following focuses most clearly demonstrates the changing pattern of disease in the United States?
- A. Type 1 diabetes management
- B. Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
- C. Rehabilitation from traumatic brain injuries
- D. Management of acute Staphylococcus aureus infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Management of chronic diseases such as diabetes is a priority focus of the current health care environment. This supersedes the treatment of acute infections and rehabilitation needs.