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The view that health and illness are not static states but that they exist on a continuum is central to professional health care systems. When planning care, this view aids the nurse in appreciating which of the following?
- A. Care should focus primarily on the treatment of disease.
- B. A persons state of health is ever-changing.
- C. A person can transition from health to illness rapidly.
- D. Care should focus on the patients compliance with interventions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By viewing health and illness on a continuum, it is possible to consider a person as being neither completely healthy nor completely ill. Instead, a persons state of health is ever-changing and has the potential to range from high-level wellness to extremely poor health and imminent death. The other answers are incorrect because patient care should not focus just on the treatment of disease. Rapid declines in health and compliance with treatment are not key to this view of health.
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The role of the certified nurse practitioner (CNP) has become a dominant role for nurses in all levels of health care. Which of the following activities are considered integral to the CNP role? Select all that apply.
- A. Educating patients and family members
- B. Coordinating care with other disciplines
- C. Using direct provision of interventions
- D. Educating registered nurses and practical nurses
- E. Coordinating payment plans for patients
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: This role is a dominant one for nurses in primary, secondary, and tertiary health care settings and in home care and community nursing. Nurses help patients meet their needs by using direct intervention, by teaching patients and family members to perform care, and by coordinating and collaborating with other disciplines to provide needed services. The other answers are incorrect because NPs do not commonly perform education of nurses and they do not focus on matters related to payment.
Over the past several decades, nursing roles have changed and expanded in many ways. Which of the following factors has provided the strongest impetus for this change?
- A. The need to decrease the cost of health care
- B. The need to improve the quality of nursing education
- C. The need to increase the number of nursing jobs available
- D. The need to increase the public perception of nursing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The role of the nurse has expanded to improve the distribution of health care services and to decrease the cost of health care. The other answers are incorrect because the expansion of roles in nursing did not occur to improve education, increase the number of nursing jobs, or increase public perception.
Staff nurses in an ICU setting have noticed that their patients required lower and fewer doses of analgesia when noise levels on the unit were consciously reduced. They informed an advanced practice RN of this and asked the APRN to quantify the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized patients. How does this demonstrate a role of the APRN?
- A. Involving patients in their care while hospitalized
- B. Contributing to the scientific basis of nursing practice
- C. Critiquing the quality of patient care
- D. Explaining medical studies to patients and RNs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research is within the purview of the APRN. The activity described does not exemplify explaining studies to RNs, critiquing care, or involving patients in their care.
With the changing population of health care consumers, it has become necessary for nurses to work more closely with other nurses, as when acute care nurses collaborate with public health and home health nurses. What nursing function has increased in importance because of this phenomenon?
- A. Prescribing medication
- B. Performing discharge planning
- C. Promoting family involvement
- D. Forming collegial relationships
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The importance of effective discharge planning and quality improvement cannot be overstated. The other answers are incorrect because giving medication and family involvement in the patients care have not grown in importance. Making and maintaining collegial relationships has become a necessity in working in the health care delivery system. Effective discharge planning aids in getting patients out of the inpatient setting sooner, cutting costs, and making rehabilitation in the community and home setting possible.
The ANA has identified several phenomena toward which the focus of nursing care should be directed, and a nurse is planning care that reflects these priorities. Which of the nurses actions best demonstrates these priorities?
- A. Encouraging the patients dependence on caregivers
- B. Fostering the patients ability to make choices
- C. Teaching the patient about nurses roles in the health care system
- D. Assessing the patients adherence to treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ANA identifies several focuses for nursing care and research, including the ability to make choices. The other answers are incorrect because they are not phenomena identified by the ANA.