Nokea
A nurse is calculating a child's medication dose by using Clark's Rule. Which of the following calculations represents the application of Clark's Rule?
- A. Infant's age in months/150 months the average adult dose
- B. Child's age in years/child's age in years +12 times the average adult dose
- C. Weight of child in pounds/150 pounds the average adult dose
- D. Surface area in square meters/1.73 the average adult dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clark's Rule uses the child's weight to calculate the dose and assumes the adult dose is based on a 150-pound person. Fried's Rule applies to a child younger than 1 year of age and assumes that an adult dose would be appropriate for a child who is 12.5 years (150 months) old. Young's Rule applies to children 1 to 12 years of age. Surface area calculation of a child's dose is determined with the use of a nomogram including the child's height and weight.
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Up to 21% of Asians are ultra-rapid 2D6 metabolizers, requiring:
- A. A need to monitor drugs metabolized by 2D6 for toxicity
- B. Increased dosages needed of drugs metabolized by 2D6, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- C. Decreased conversion of codeine to morphine by CYP 2D6
- D. The need for lowered dosages of drugs, such as beta blockers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ultra-rapid 2D6 metabolizers (e.g., in Asians) need higher SSRI doses due to fast metabolism, unlike toxicity , codeine issues , or lower doses .
During what phase of the nursing process would the nurse be required to consider the efficacy of nursing interventions related to drug therapy?
- A. Assessment
- B. Nursing diagnosis
- C. Interventions
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of interventions, including drug therapy outcomes, to determine if goals are met.
Which name identifies a drug listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
- A. Brand
- B. Nonproprietary
- C. Official
- D. Trademark
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The official name is the name under which a drug is listed by the FDA. The brand name, or trademark, is the name given to a drug by its manufacturer. The nonproprietary, or generic, name is provided by the United States Adopted Names Council.
A patient tells the clinic nurse that he or she has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) Pepcid to relieve acid indigestion for several years. This is the first time the patient has ever reported this issue to a health care provider. As part of the teaching plan for this patient, the nurse explains what risk associated with not sharing OTC drug use with the provider?
- A. The OTC drug could be more expensive than seeking health care advice.
- B. The drug could mask symptoms of a serious problem that is undiagnosed.
- C. Use of the drug could cause a rebound effect of Pepcid.
- D. The drug could interact with several cold medicines.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OTC drugs allow patients to self-diagnose and treat routine signs and symptoms without seeing a health care provider. This self-prescribed treatment, however, could mask a more serious underlying medical problem and result in a poor outcome for the patient. The issues of drug rebound and drug interaction need to be considered, but the safety issue related to self-diagnosis and self-prescription presents the greatest risk to the patient. Patients should always be encouraged to discuss the use of OTC products with their health care provider.
A 25-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of rapid heart rate and easy fatigability. Laboratory results reveal low hemoglobin levels and microcytic red blood cells. The most suitable therapy for her condition will be:
- A. Folic acid
- B. Epoiten alfa
- C. Ferrous sulfate
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microcytic anemia suggests iron deficiency; ferrous sulfate is the standard treatment.