Nokea
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old male recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for the care of this client?
- A. Fluid restriction
- B. Low residual diet
- C. Therapeutic phlebotomy
- D. Strict hand hygiene to prevent infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow mess drops immunity strict hand hygiene shields this 19-year-old from infections, a top intervention as neutrophils crash. Fluid restriction fits overload, not here. Low residual diets aid bowels, irrelevant. Phlebotomy's for polycythemia. Nurses scrub up, guarding this young client, a germ-free must in leukemia's fragile fight.
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The client is diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and is scheduled for a laryngectomy next week. Which intervention would be priority for the clinic nurse?
- A. Assess the client's ability to swallow
- B. Refer the client to a speech therapist
- C. Order the client's preoperative lab work
- D. Discuss the client's operative unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Laryngectomy severs voice referring to a speech therapist pre-op sets up post-surgical communication, a priority as clients lose speech, facing isolation without aids like electrolarynx training. Swallowing matters, but airway and cancer trump function now. Labs are routine, delegated often; unit talk's secondary. Nurses push this referral, easing the mute transition, a proactive step in laryngeal cancer's life-altering prep, ensuring clients adapt to this voiceless future from day one.
A nurse is planning a diet for a client who is iron deficient. Which of the following foods high in iron should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Leafy green vegetables
- C. Oranges
- D. Cashews
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency craves heme leafy greens like spinach pack non-heme iron, boosting hemoglobin, a diet fix over dairy's low yield. Oranges aid absorption, not iron itself; cashews offer some, less potently. Nurses plan greens, pairing with vitamin C, a practical lift for this anemic client's blood.
According to Johnson and Chang (2014), compared to the non-indigenous population, the Australian indigenous population is more likely to:
- A. Live in the bush, eat native food and have increased exposure to the elements
- B. Have a higher incidence of chronic disease, be less healthy, die at a much younger age, and have lower quality of life
- C. Access health care and implement appropriate lifestyle changes equitably
- D. Experience death at a rate of twice that of the non-indigenous population
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indigenous Australians face a heavier chronic disease load diabetes, heart issues dying younger, with life expectancy gaps of 10+ years, and poorer quality of life from systemic inequities. Bush living's a stereotype, not a health driver; equitable care's a myth access lags; death rate's high but not precisely double. Nurses see this burden, tackling social determinants, a stark chronic care reality rooted in data, not just location or access claims.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravesical bladder chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
- A. Nausea
- B. Alopecia
- C. Hematuria
- D. Xerostomia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravesical chemo (e.g., BCG for bladder cancer) targets the bladder lining directly hematuria (blood in urine) is the biggie to watch, signaling irritation or tumor breakdown. It's local, not systemic, so nausea and alopecia whole-body effects from IV chemo don't fit. Xerostomia (dry mouth) might tag along with systemic agents hitting salivary glands, not this route. Nurses track hematuria here because it's the bladder's cry for help, a common, expected reaction to drugs bathing the mucosa. In oncology, knowing delivery matters intravesical skips the bloodstream, keeping side effects bladder-focused, critical for patient comfort and spotting complications early.
Which of the following is not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Pre-diabetes mellitus
- D. Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NAFLD diabetes, pre-sugar, uric, colon tie; lung cancer's out. Nurses link this chronic fat net.