Nokea
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
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A 50 year old man has a BP of 160/100 mmHg despite being on 10 mg Lisinopril om. Which of the following is not a good choice?
- A. Diuretic
- B. Calcium channel blocker
- C. Bisoprolol
- D. Losartan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BP 160/100 diuretic, calcium, beta, upping lisinopril stack; losartan doubles ACE, risks crash. Nurses dodge this chronic overlap.
Which statement is not true?
- A. negative thick and thin smears does not adequately rule out malaria
- B. falciparum malaria will always show up on thick and thin smears where the others may not
- C. chloroquine is the drug of choice to treat falciparum
- D. vivax and ovale are more likely to reactivate at a later stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chloroquine flops for falciparum resistance rules, not smears' miss, relapse, or anemia truths. Nurses dodge this chronic treatment trap.
The signs and symptoms of heart failure do not include:
- A. Dyspnoea
- B. Orthopnoea
- C. Urinary frequency
- D. Fatigue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heart failure floods breathless, flat-lie gasps, swelling, wiped out. Peeing often? Kidneys, not heart others scream pump fail. Nurses clock these, a chronic wet mess minus bladder.
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an adverse effect of the medication?
- A. I've had a backache for several days
- B. I feel nauseated and have no appetite
- C. I can walk a mile a day
- D. I am urinating more frequently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin's tightrope nausea and anorexia flag toxicity, a common adverse hit as levels climb, risking arrhythmias. Backache's vague, walking's a win, urination's unrelated. Nurses catch this, checking levels, a red light in this heart-boosting med's dance.
During his internship at a general practice, a medical student is asked to check the blood glucose level in a 30-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes. Acute glycaemic dysregulation is suspected in this patient. The patient asks if the student is going to take a capillary blood sample as shown in the picture below. Which of the following statements applies best in case of suspected acute dysregulation?
- A. The result will equal that of a finger prick sample
- B. The result will be higher than that of a finger prick sample
- C. The result will be lower than that of a finger prick sample
- D. One must not draw blood from this site in this case
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute type 1 chaos no arm vein draw, finger prick's king for fast reads, not this site. Nurses skip this, a chronic crisis dodge.