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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which medication facilitates healing by forming a protective lining over the client's ulcer?
- A. Famotidine
- B. Omeprazole
- C. Sucralfate
- D. Cimetidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sucralfate (C) forms a protective barrier over the ulcer, promoting healing by shielding it from stomach acid. Famotidine (A) and cimetidine (D) are H2 blockers, and omeprazole (B) is a proton pump inhibitor, which reduce acid but do not form a physical barrier.
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The nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central line. The nurse plans on taking which appropriate action?
- A. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter.
- B. Weighing the client in the morning before the first void.
- C. Placing a mask on the client before changing the central line dressing.
- D. Establishing continuous cardiac monitoring.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weighing the client daily (B) monitors fluid balance and nutritional status, critical for TPN management. Catheters (A), masks (C), and cardiac monitoring (D) are not routinely required unless indicated.
The nurse is teaching a client about peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. You should take aspirin if you have mild aches or pains.
- B. You will need to consume liquids one hour after each meal.
- C. It will be important to reduce the stress in your life.
- D. Take your prescribed omeprazole with food.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stress reduction (C) helps manage peptic ulcer disease by reducing acid secretion. Aspirin (A) worsens ulcers, liquids with meals (B) are not restricted, and omeprazole (D) is taken before meals.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected acute cholecystitis. Which of the following findings would support a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis?
- A. Decreased serum bilirubin
- B. Increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
- C. Decreased serum aminotransferases
- D. Increased white blood cell count (WBC)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An increased WBC count (D) indicates inflammation or infection, supporting a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Bilirubin (A) and aminotransferases (C) may rise, and HDL-C (B) is unrelated.
Which of the following clients does the nurse suspect would benefit most from placement of a nasogastric tube?
- A. A 9-year-old client with a femur fracture.
- B. An 82-year-old client with congestive heart failure.
- C. A 65-year-old client on dialysis.
- D. A 52-year-old client with leukemia who is receiving chemotherapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A client receiving chemotherapy (D) may experience severe nausea and vomiting, necessitating an NG tube for decompression or feeding. The other conditions are less likely to require NG tube placement.
The nurse is caring for a client with advanced liver cirrhosis receiving prescribed medications. Which medications would the nurse clarify with the primary healthcare provider (PHCP)? Select all that apply.
- A. Isoniazid
- B. Valproic Acid
- C. Amiodarone
- D. Lithium
- E. Thiamine
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Isoniazid, valproic acid, and amiodarone are hepatotoxic and can exacerbate liver damage in cirrhosis, requiring clarification with the PHCP. Lithium is not primarily hepatotoxic, and thiamine is often beneficial in cirrhosis to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy.