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A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide the client with a low protein diet.
- B. Instruct the client to cough every 4 hr.
- C. Advise the client to lie down after eating.
- D. Encourage the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encouraging 8 glasses of water daily helps thin mucus secretions, improving airway clearance and reducing infection risk in COPD clients.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing?
- A. High-purine diet.
- B. Female gender.
- C. Dehydration.
- D. Family history.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dehydration is a major risk factor for urolithiasis, concentrating urine and promoting stone formation.
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has urolithiasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Tell the client to expect a decrease in urine output.
- B. Provide the client a high protein diet.
- C. Maintain the client on bed rest.
- D. Encourage the client to drink 3 L of fluids per day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encouraging the client to drink 3 L of fluids per day helps flush out stones, prevent new stone formation, and reduce urinary concentration.
A nurse is reviewing the urinalysis results of a client who reports urinary frequency and burning. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Urine specific gravity 1.020.
- B. Microscopic hematuria.
- C. Amber yellow urine color.
- D. Absence of glucose in the urine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microscopic hematuria indicates red blood cells in the urine, suggesting possible urinary tract infection or other pathology requiring further evaluation.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who takes furosemide and has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in his daily diet?
- A. Cabbage.
- B. Cheddar cheese.
- C. Bananas.
- D. Potatoes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, helping to increase serum potassium levels, which is beneficial for clients taking furosemide, a diuretic that causes potassium loss.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client is confused, flushed, and has an acetone odor on his breath. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following types of insulin to treat the client?
- A. Regular.
- B. NPH.
- C. Glargine.
- D. Detemir.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is indicated by the client's symptoms of confusion, flushed appearance, and acetone odor on the breath.