Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who has recently diagnosed with left ventricular heart failure. What is an early sign the client is most likely to report?
- A. Dyspnea on exertion
- B. Abdominal distention
- C. Swollen legs
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left ventricular failure backs blood into lungs dyspnea on exertion hits early as fluid seeps, taxing breathing during activity, a telltale sign before systemic effects. Abdominal distention or leg swelling marks right-sided or late failure. Weight gain tracks fluid, not initial. Nurses catch dyspnea, educating clients to report it, key to early management in this progressive pump failure.
You may also like to solve these questions
Glycaemic profiles of people with diabetes varies with all EXCEPT:
- A. Diet
- B. Exercise
- C. Stress
- D. Monitoring of blood glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sugar swings food, sweat, drugs, checks shift it; dress' is a typo for stress, but stress fits, not fabric. Nurses track this chronic dance, not wardrobe.
Which is FALSE regarding PCP pneumonia in AIDS?
- A. it is usually only seen when the CD4 count <200
- B. prophylaxis should be given in all pts with CD4 count <200
- C. CXR characteristically shows bilateral diffuse infiltrates
- D. Once a patient has had it they are unlikely to get it again
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCP relapse haunts AIDS CD4 <200 stays vulnerable, not a one-off. Prophylaxis holds below 200, CXR's diffuse or blank 20%, all true. Nurses know this chronic lung leech bites again sans lifelong guard.
Which of these clients assigned to the nurse is most likely to need planning for long-term nursing management?
- A. 22-year-old with appendicitis who has had an emergency appendectomy
- B. 56-year-old with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who weighs 159 kg
- C. 34-year-old with cholecystitis who has had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- D. 62-year-old with acute sinusitis who will require antibiotic therapy for 5 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoarthritis at 159 kg screams chronic long-term PT, diet plans beat appendectomy, gallbladder, or sinus quickies. Nurses plot this, a marathon, not sprints.
You are seeing Mr Yee two months later. At your last visit, he did not want colchicine prophylaxis as he did not want to take 'too many tablets'. He has started and is adherent to his urate lowering agent. Last month, his uric acid had decreased to 390 mmol/L. He had a gout flare last week. Hence, he came to your clinic today to ask about colchicine prophylaxis. Which is INCORRECT advice regarding colchicine prophylaxis?
- A. Offer to start colchicine at 500 mcg once daily or alternate days as gout prophylaxis as his renal function is normal
- B. Colchicine can help to reduce the frequency of flares, especially during the first six months of Urate lowering therapy
- C. Tell him that if he is started on NEW medications, he should inform his doctor or pharmacist that he is on colchicine regularly as colchicine can have drug interactions. If unsure and he needs to take NEW medications, such as a short course of antibiotics, he is to omit colchicine until the new medication is completed
- D. Regular colchicine prophylaxis in someone with normal renal function and regular monitoring can lead to renal failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Colchicine curbs flares 500 mcg fits normal kidneys, cuts attacks in urate-lowering's rocky start, and needs drug interaction flags or skips with gut upset. But renal failure from regular use with monitoring? False colchicine's safe there, not a kidney killer. Clinicians nix this myth, grounding chronic gout aid in truth.
Which of the following should be not be routinely performed for patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
- A. Liver biopsy
- B. Imaging studies like US scan
- C. Fasting lipids
- D. Fasting glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liver biopsy, while diagnostic for NAFLD/NASH, isn't routine due to invasiveness and risks, reserved for unclear cases or staging needs, per AASLD. Ultrasound (fatty liver detection), fasting lipids, glucose, and liver function tests are non-invasive, routine screens for metabolic risk and diagnosis confirmation. This approach optimizes chronic disease evaluation safely.