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A nurse is caring for a client who is lactose intolerant. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse assess?
- A. Fever
- B. Blood in stools
- C. Cramping
- D. Steatorrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cramping. Cramping is a common clinical manifestation of lactose intolerance due to the inability to digest lactose properly. Fever (choice A) is not typically associated with lactose intolerance. Blood in stools (choice B) is more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues like inflammatory bowel disease. Steatorrhea (choice D) is the presence of excess fat in the stool and is not a typical symptom of lactose intolerance.
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A nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse should plan to administer total parenteral nutrition for which of the following clients?
- A. A client who is postoperative following a laminectomy and is receiving IV PCA
- B. A client who has dysphagia and does not recognize his family
- C. A client who has COPD and is going home with oxygen
- D. A client who has colon cancer and will undergo a hemicolectomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is essential for clients undergoing significant surgical procedures like a hemicolectomy to ensure they receive adequate nutrition when oral intake is not possible. Choices A, B, and C do not typically require TPN. Choice A is managing postoperative pain with IV PCA, choice B is likely to need alternative feeding methods due to dysphagia, and choice C is going home with oxygen for COPD management, which does not directly relate to the need for TPN.
A client receiving chemotherapy treatments tells the nurse, 'I feel so nauseated after my treatments.' Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client?
- A. Eat common foods that are served cold.
- B. Sip fluids slowly throughout the day.
- C. Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals.
- D. All of the Above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the Above.' Common foods served cold, sipping fluids slowly throughout the day, and sitting up for 1 hr after eating meals can help manage nausea associated with chemotherapy. Eating common foods served cold can be easier on the stomach, sipping fluids slowly can prevent overwhelming the digestive system, and sitting up after meals can aid digestion. Choices A, B, and C all contribute to alleviating nausea and are appropriate instructions for the client.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports difficulty chewing due to ill-fitting dentures. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend for the client?
- A. Dried fruit
- B. Roast beef
- C. Tuna fish
- D. Apple slices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuna fish. Tuna fish is a soft and easy-to-chew option, suitable for clients with ill-fitting dentures. Dried fruit (choice A) can be tough to chew and may stick to the dentures, causing discomfort. Roast beef (choice B) requires significant chewing effort and may not be suitable for someone with difficulty chewing. Apple slices (choice D) are crunchy and hard, which can be challenging for individuals with ill-fitting dentures.
A healthcare professional is teaching about implementing a heart-healthy diet to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend to the client?
- A. Baked ham
- B. Processed cheese
- C. Broiled salmon
- D. Canned potato soup
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Broiled salmon is a heart-healthy food due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content, which helps reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health. Choices A, B, and D are not recommended for a heart-healthy diet. Baked ham and processed cheese are high in saturated fats and sodium, which can be detrimental to cardiovascular health. Canned potato soup may contain high levels of sodium and preservatives, making it less suitable for a heart-healthy diet.
A client is being taught by a nurse about adding more fiber to the diet. Which of the following foods has the highest fiber content?
- A. 1 cup cooked sweet potato
- B. 1 slice rye toast
- C. 1 cup raw watermelon
- D. 1 oz cashews
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 1 oz of cashews. Cashews have a higher fiber content compared to sweet potato, rye toast, and watermelon. While sweet potatoes and rye toast contain fiber, cashews have a higher concentration, making them a better choice for increasing fiber intake. Watermelon, on the other hand, is low in fiber compared to the other options provided.