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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. When the nurse prepares to change the client's dressing, they say, 'Every time you change my bandage, it hurts so much.' Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Encourage the client to relax and take deep breaths during the dressing change
- B. Educate the client about the importance of the dressing change to prevent infection
- C. Administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing
- D. Assist the client to a comfortable position for the dressing change
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing. This is the priority action because it directly addresses the client's pain during the dressing change, ensuring their comfort and adherence to the procedure. Administering pain medication in advance allows time for it to take effect, minimizing the discomfort experienced by the client. Encouraging relaxation techniques (A) and educating about the importance of dressing change (B) are important but secondary to addressing the immediate pain issue. Assisting the client to a comfortable position (D) is helpful but does not directly alleviate the pain like pain medication does.
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Which of the following factors may affect successful communication?
- A. Cultural background
- B. Organizational structure
- C. Method of communication
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the factors listed - cultural background, organizational structure, and method of communication - can significantly impact successful communication. Cultural background influences language, behavior, and perception. Organizational structure affects the flow of information and decision-making processes. The method of communication, such as verbal, non-verbal, written, or digital, determines how effectively messages are conveyed. By considering and adapting to all these factors, communication can be more successful. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because each factor individually plays a crucial role in communication effectiveness.
An RN enters a patient’s room to place an indwelling urinary catheter, as ordered by the health-care professional. The client is alert and oriented and tells the RN he wants to leave the hospital now and not receive further treatment. Which of the following actions by the RN would be considered false imprisonment?
- A. The RN tells the client he is not allowed to leave until the physician has released him.
- B. The RN asks the client why he wishes to leave.
- C. The RN asks the client to explain what he understands about his medical diagnosis.
- D. The RN asks the client to sign an against medical advice discharge form.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the RN is restricting the patient's freedom to leave the hospital against his will, which constitutes false imprisonment. The patient has the right to refuse treatment and leave the facility. Choice B is incorrect because asking the client why he wishes to leave shows respect for his autonomy. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains to educating the patient about his medical condition, not restricting his freedom. Choice D is incorrect as asking the client to sign an against medical advice form is a way to document his decision and protect the healthcare provider legally.
During a home safety assessment, a nurse is evaluating a client who is receiving supplemental oxygen. Which observation should the nurse identify as a proper safety protocol?
- A. The client has a weekly inspection checklist for oxygen equipment.
- B. The client stores an extra oxygen tank on its side under their bed.
- C. The client identifies the location of a fire extinguisher.
- D. The client uses a wool blanket on their bed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because having a weekly inspection checklist for oxygen equipment ensures the client is monitoring the equipment regularly for safety. Choice B is incorrect as storing an oxygen tank on its side can be dangerous. Choice C is not directly related to oxygen safety. Choice D is incorrect because wool blankets can create static electricity, which is a fire hazard.
Organizations are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences. This defines which of the following theories?
- A. Contingency theory
- B. Closed system theory
- C. Open system theory
- D. Chaos theory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chaos theory. Chaos theory explains how complex systems, like organizations, can exhibit unpredictable behavior due to small changes in initial conditions. In this context, the interconnectedness and diverse choices within organizations result in unanticipated consequences. Contingency theory (A) focuses on adapting to environmental factors, closed system theory (B) suggests organizations are isolated from the environment, and open system theory (C) emphasizes interactions with the external environment, but none directly address the unpredictable consequences arising from intertwined links and diverse choices within organizations like Chaos theory does.
What is the primary focus of Lean methodology in healthcare?
- A. Reduce healthcare costs
- B. Enhance patient satisfaction
- C. Increase patient throughput
- D. Standardize care processes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Standardize care processes. Lean methodology in healthcare aims to streamline and standardize processes to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. By standardizing care processes, healthcare organizations can ensure consistent quality of care, reduce errors, and enhance patient safety. This focus on standardization is essential for achieving continuous improvement and delivering better outcomes.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Reduce healthcare costs - While reducing costs is a potential benefit of Lean methodology, it is not the primary focus. Cost reduction is a byproduct of improving processes and eliminating waste.
B: Enhance patient satisfaction - While patient satisfaction is important in healthcare, it is not the primary focus of Lean methodology. Improving patient satisfaction may be a result of implementing Lean principles, but it is not the main goal.
C: Increase patient throughput - While increasing patient throughput is a common goal in healthcare, it is not the primary focus of Lean methodology. Lean focuses on improving processes to deliver better quality care, rather than simply increasing the