Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed Velban, a vinca alkaloid. The client asks the nurse about how the drug acts. Which of the following would the nurse integrate into the response?
- A. Interference with amino acid production in the S phase.
- B. Stoppage of cells during the S and G2 phases.
- C. Inhibition of DNA synthesis during the S phase.
- D. Prevention of cell division during the S and G2 phases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vinca alkaloids interfere with amino acid production in the S phase. Podophyllotoxins stop the cells and prevent cell division during the S and G2 phases. Camptothecin analog drugs inhibit DNA synthesis during the S phase.
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Which of the following are examples of immediate adverse reactions to an antineoplastic drug that the nurse should discuss with the client prior to drug administration?
- A. Fertility problems
- B. Extravasation
- C. Nausea
- D. Cardiotoxicity
- E. Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Nausea, vomiting, and extravasation are examples of immediate reactions to an antineoplastic drug that the nurse should discuss with the client prior to drug administration. Fertility problems, cardiotoxicity, and pulmonary fibrosis are more long-term adverse reactions.
A nurse is discussing the possible adverse reactions that may occur with antineoplastic therapy. Which of the following would the nurse discuss as examples of long-term adverse reactions?
- A. Fertility problems
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Leukopenia
- D. Stomatitis
- E. Cardiotoxicity
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Fertility problems, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurologic problems are examples of long-term reactions to an antineoplastic drug that the nurse should discuss with the client prior to drug administration. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and stomatitis are more immediate adverse reactions.
A nurse notifies the primary health care provider because assessment reveals signs of thrombocytopenia, including which of the following?
- A. Bleeding gums
- B. Petechiae
- C. Tarry stools
- D. Hematuria
- E. Coffee-ground emesis
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should notify the physician immediately if any of the following occurs during observation of a client receiving an antineoplastic drug as they may be signs of thrombocytopenia: bleeding gums, easy bruising, petechiae, increased menstrual bleeding, tarry stools, hematuria, or coffee-ground emesis.
A client visits the health care facility for information on cancer. The client asks the nurse if regular consumption of green tea can cause harm. Which of the following should the nurse inform the client as possible effects of green tea?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Damage to heart
- C. Insomnia
- D. Damage to liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should inform the client that green tea can cause insomnia because it contains caffeine. Green tea is known to improve dental health and maintain health of the heart and liver.
After teaching a group of nursing students about the cell cycle and how it relates to antineoplastic drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which phase of the cell cycle as being affected by antimetabolites?
- A. S phase
- B. M phase
- C. G2 phase
- D. G1 phase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antimetabolite drugs are substances that incorporate themselves into the cellular components during the S phase of cell division. This interferes with the synthesis of RNA and DNA, making it impossible for the cancerous cell to divide into two daughter cells. The vinca alkaloids interfere with amino acid production in the S phase and formation of microtubules in the M phase. Taxanes also interfere in the M phase with microtubules. Cells are stopped during the S and G2 phases by the podophyllotoxins and thus are unable to divide. DNA synthesis during the S phase is inhibited by camptothecin analog drugs such as topotecan (Hycamtin).