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A client has been diagnosed with cancer. The physician prescribes antineoplastic drug therapy to the client. Which of the following would the nurse include in the discussion about the prescribed therapy?
- A. Leads to complete cure of cancer
- B. Destroys only cancerous cells
- C. Provides complete relief of symptoms of cancer
- D. Delays spread of cancer to other sites
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should explain to the client that antineoplastic drugs delay the spread of cancer to other sites in the body. These drugs do not always lead to the complete cure of cancer; instead, they slow the growth of the tumor. Antineoplastic drugs destroy not just cancerous cells but all rapidly dividing cells, which may be noncancerous also. These drugs do not provide complete relief from symptoms of cancer but can help in controlling the symptoms.
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A nurse is discussing the possible adverse reactions that may occur with antineoplastic therapy. Which of the following would the nurse discuss as examples of long-term adverse reactions?
- A. Fertility problems
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Leukopenia
- D. Stomatitis
- E. Cardiotoxicity
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Fertility problems, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurologic problems are examples of long-term reactions to an antineoplastic drug that the nurse should discuss with the client prior to drug administration. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and stomatitis are more immediate adverse reactions.
A nurse is preparing to administer an antineoplastic drug that is classified as an antimetabolite. Which of the following might the nurse be preparing to give?
- A. Mercaptopurine (Purinethol)
- B. Capecitabine (Xeloda)
- C. Fluorouracil (Adrucil)
- D. Etoposide (Toposar)
- E. Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antimetabolite drugs are substances that incorporate themselves into the cellular components during the S phase of cell division and include mercaptopurine (Purinethol), capecitabine (Xeloda), and fluorouracil (Adrucil). Etoposide and irinotecan are plant alkaloids.
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for erythema during antineoplastic drug therapy. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Integrity. Which of the following would be appropriate to suggest?
- A. Scrub and clean skin often.
- B. Wear loose protective clothing.
- C. Ensure adequate sunlight.
- D. Have frequent baths.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should suggest to the client to wear loose protective clothing and to watch areas of skinfolds for breakdown. The nurse should not suggest that the client scrub and clean the skin often, ensure adequate sunlight, or have frequent baths as these measures may aggravate the condition and cause further impairment to the tissue. The client is advised to avoid sunlight.
The nurse is providing care to a client with anorexia due to antineoplastic therapy. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. Which of the following would be least appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Offering fatty foods to stimulate the taste buds
- B. Providing small, frequent meals
- C. Avoiding exposure to unpleasant smells
- D. Providing foods that are high in protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greasy or fatty foods and unpleasant sights, smells, and tastes should be avoided. Small, frequent meals and foods that are high in protein are appropriate.
A nurse is caring for a client being treated with antineoplastic drugs. The client is at risk for thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow suppression. The nurse would assess the client for which of the following?
- A. Bloody urine
- B. Concentrated urine
- C. Frequent micturition
- D. Pain on urination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for bloody urine in a client at risk for thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow suppression. Concentrated urine, frequent micturition, or pain on urination is not indicative of thrombocytopenia.