Nokea
Which of the following cytoprotective agents can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects?
- A. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- B. Amifostine (Ethyol)
- C. Leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
- D. Mesna (Mesnex)
- E. Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Allopurinol (Zyloprim), amifostine (Ethyol), leucovorin (Wellcovorin), mesna (Mesnex), and dexrazoxane (Zinecard) are cytoprotective agents that can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects.
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A group of nursing students are reviewing antineoplastic drugs. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as cell cycle specific?
- A. Alkylating agents
- B. Plant alkaloids
- C. Antimetabolites
- D. Antineoplastic antibiotics
- E. Retinoids
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Plant alkaloids and antimetabolites are considered cell cycle-specific antineoplastic drugs. Alkylating agents and antineoplastic antibiotics are cell cycle-nonspecific agents. Retinoids are miscellaneous agents.
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for erythema during antineoplastic drug therapy. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Integrity. Which of the following would be appropriate to suggest?
- A. Scrub and clean skin often.
- B. Wear loose protective clothing.
- C. Ensure adequate sunlight.
- D. Have frequent baths.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should suggest to the client to wear loose protective clothing and to watch areas of skinfolds for breakdown. The nurse should not suggest that the client scrub and clean the skin often, ensure adequate sunlight, or have frequent baths as these measures may aggravate the condition and cause further impairment to the tissue. The client is advised to avoid sunlight.
The primary health care provider prescribes an antineoplastic antibiotic. The nurse identifies which of the following as a possibility?
- A. Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
- B. Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
- C. Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)
- D. Daunorubicin (DaunoXome)
- E. Busulfan (Busulfex)
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Antineoplastic antibiotics have similar action to alkylating drugs and include bleomycin (Blenoxane), dactinomycin (Cosmegen), and daunorubicin (DaunoXome). Carboplatin is an alkylating agent. Busulfan is an alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent.
After teaching a group of nursing students about antineoplastic drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as being classified as a plant alkaloid?
- A. Vincristine (Oncovin)
- B. Capecitabine (Xeloda)
- C. Paclitaxel (Taxol)
- D. Etoposide (Toposar)
- E. Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Drugs that are derived from plant alkaloids include vinca alkaloids (vincristine), taxanes (paclitaxel), podophyllotoxins (etoposide), and camptothecin analogs (irinotecan). Capecitabine is an antimetabolite.
A client is receiving an alkylating agent. Which of the following would be used?
- A. Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
- B. Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
- C. Vinblastine (Velban)
- D. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- E. Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Alkylating agents make the cell a more alkaline environment, leading to cell damage. Alkylating agents include chlorambucil (Gliadel), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), and ifosfamide (Ifex). Bleomycin is classified as an antineoplastic antibiotic. Vinblastine is a plant alkaloid.