Nokea
A nurse should understand that which of the following adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs are related to the death of rapidly growing cells?
- A. Alopecia
- B. Leukopenia
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Cardiotoxicity
- E. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Alopecia, bone marrow suppression (Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia), stomatitis, and diarrhea are adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs and are related to the death of rapidly growing cells.
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Which of the following alkylating agents can cross the blood-brain barrier?
- A. Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ)
- B. Melphalan (Alkeran)
- C. Carmustine (BiCNU)
- D. Streptozocin (Zanosar)
- E. Mechlorethamine (Mustargen)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Nitrosoureas, like carmustine (BiCNU) and streptozocin (Zanosar), are alkylating agents that can cross the blood-brain barrier.
A client visits the health care facility for information on cancer. The client asks the nurse if regular consumption of green tea can cause harm. Which of the following should the nurse inform the client as possible effects of green tea?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Damage to heart
- C. Insomnia
- D. Damage to liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should inform the client that green tea can cause insomnia because it contains caffeine. Green tea is known to improve dental health and maintain health of the heart and liver.
A client has been prescribed melphalan for the treatment of an ovarian tumor. The client wants to know how the drug acts. Which of the following would the nurse integrate into the response?
- A. Increased acidity of the cell environment
- B. Change to a more alkaline cell environment
- C. Neutralization of the alkalinity of the cell environment
- D. Change in the cell to a neutral environment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should explain to the client that the alkylating agent changes the cell to a more alkaline environment, which in turn damages malignant cells, which are more susceptible to the effects of the alkylating drugs. Alkylating drugs do not increase the acidity of the cell environment, neutralize the alkalinity of the cell environment, or change the cell to a neutral environment.
Which of the following cytoprotective agents can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects?
- A. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- B. Amifostine (Ethyol)
- C. Leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
- D. Mesna (Mesnex)
- E. Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Allopurinol (Zyloprim), amifostine (Ethyol), leucovorin (Wellcovorin), mesna (Mesnex), and dexrazoxane (Zinecard) are cytoprotective agents that can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects.
Which of the following should be included in the nurse's preadministration assessment before administering the first dose of an antineoplastic drug?
- A. Blood glucose
- B. Weight
- C. Fasting lipid panel
- D. Blood pressure
- E. Temperature
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The nurse's preadministration assessment before the administration of the first dose of an antineoplastic drug should include the client's vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate) and weight (to ensure accurate drug dosing).