Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer an antineoplastic drug that is classified as an antimetabolite. Which of the following might the nurse be preparing to give?
- A. Mercaptopurine (Purinethol)
- B. Capecitabine (Xeloda)
- C. Fluorouracil (Adrucil)
- D. Etoposide (Toposar)
- E. Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Antimetabolite drugs are substances that incorporate themselves into the cellular components during the S phase of cell division and include mercaptopurine (Purinethol), capecitabine (Xeloda), and fluorouracil (Adrucil). Etoposide and irinotecan are plant alkaloids.
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Which of the following should be included in the nurse's preadministration assessment before administering the first dose of an antineoplastic drug?
- A. Blood glucose
- B. Weight
- C. Fasting lipid panel
- D. Blood pressure
- E. Temperature
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The nurse's preadministration assessment before the administration of the first dose of an antineoplastic drug should include the client's vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate) and weight (to ensure accurate drug dosing).
A client is receiving doxorubicin. The nurse suspects that extravasation has occurred based on assessment of which of the following?
- A. Swelling
- B. Petechiae
- C. Lack of blood return
- D. Urticaria
- E. Redness
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The nurse should monitor a client receiving doxorubicin (Doxil) for signs of extravasation, including swelling, stinging, burning, or pain at the injection site; redness; and lack of blood return.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed Velban, a vinca alkaloid. The client asks the nurse about how the drug acts. Which of the following would the nurse integrate into the response?
- A. Interference with amino acid production in the S phase.
- B. Stoppage of cells during the S and G2 phases.
- C. Inhibition of DNA synthesis during the S phase.
- D. Prevention of cell division during the S and G2 phases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vinca alkaloids interfere with amino acid production in the S phase. Podophyllotoxins stop the cells and prevent cell division during the S and G2 phases. Camptothecin analog drugs inhibit DNA synthesis during the S phase.
Which of the following cytoprotective agents can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects?
- A. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- B. Amifostine (Ethyol)
- C. Leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
- D. Mesna (Mesnex)
- E. Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Allopurinol (Zyloprim), amifostine (Ethyol), leucovorin (Wellcovorin), mesna (Mesnex), and dexrazoxane (Zinecard) are cytoprotective agents that can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects.
The nurse suspects that a client is developing leukopenia and notifies the primary health care provider based on assessment of which of the following?
- A. Temperature of 100.4°F or higher
- B. Cough
- C. Sore throat
- D. Frequent urination
- E. White blood cell count of less than 2500/mm³
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should notify the physician immediately if any of the following occur during observation of a client receiving an antineoplastic drug as they may be signs of leukopenia: temperature of 100.4°F or higher, cough, sore throat, chills, frequent urination, or a white blood cell count of less than 2500/mm³.