Nokea
A nurse is discussing the possible adverse reactions that may occur with antineoplastic therapy. Which of the following would the nurse discuss as examples of long-term adverse reactions?
- A. Fertility problems
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Leukopenia
- D. Stomatitis
- E. Cardiotoxicity
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Fertility problems, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurologic problems are examples of long-term reactions to an antineoplastic drug that the nurse should discuss with the client prior to drug administration. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and stomatitis are more immediate adverse reactions.
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A nurse is caring for a client undergoing treatment with plant alkaloids for cancer. The client is also receiving warfarin for a history of atrial fibrillation. The nurse would monitor the client for which of the following as a possible interaction?
- A. Increased risk of seizures
- B. Increased risk of ototoxicity
- C. Increased risk of CNS depression
- D. Increased risk of prolonged bleeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client for the increased risk of prolonged bleeding. Increased risk of seizures occurs when phenytoin interacts with a plant alkaloid. Increased risk of ototoxicity is observed in clients receiving plant alkaloids with loop diuretics. Increased risk of CNS depression is observed in clients who are receiving antidepressants along with plant alkaloids.
The nurse is providing care to a client with anorexia due to antineoplastic therapy. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. Which of the following would be least appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Offering fatty foods to stimulate the taste buds
- B. Providing small, frequent meals
- C. Avoiding exposure to unpleasant smells
- D. Providing foods that are high in protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greasy or fatty foods and unpleasant sights, smells, and tastes should be avoided. Small, frequent meals and foods that are high in protein are appropriate.
A client is receiving doxorubicin. The nurse suspects that extravasation has occurred based on assessment of which of the following?
- A. Swelling
- B. Petechiae
- C. Lack of blood return
- D. Urticaria
- E. Redness
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The nurse should monitor a client receiving doxorubicin (Doxil) for signs of extravasation, including swelling, stinging, burning, or pain at the injection site; redness; and lack of blood return.
Which of the following cytoprotective agents can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects?
- A. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- B. Amifostine (Ethyol)
- C. Leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
- D. Mesna (Mesnex)
- E. Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Allopurinol (Zyloprim), amifostine (Ethyol), leucovorin (Wellcovorin), mesna (Mesnex), and dexrazoxane (Zinecard) are cytoprotective agents that can be given along with antineoplastic drugs to help prevent or lessen certain adverse effects.
A nurse should understand that which of the following adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs are related to the death of rapidly growing cells?
- A. Alopecia
- B. Leukopenia
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Cardiotoxicity
- E. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Alopecia, bone marrow suppression (Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia), stomatitis, and diarrhea are adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs and are related to the death of rapidly growing cells.