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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin therapy. If the client requires a reversal of the effects of heparin, which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
- A. Atropine
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Protamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protamine. Protamine is the antidote for heparin as it works by forming a complex with heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Atropine (A) is used for bradycardia, not for heparin reversal. Vitamin K (B) is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, a different anticoagulant. Vitamin B12 (C) is not used for heparin reversal. Therefore, the correct choice is Protamine (D) for reversing heparin's effects.
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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking prednisone and self-administers insulin daily. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates a medication interaction?
- A. Orthostatic hypotension
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Paresthesia
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperglycemia. Prednisone can increase blood sugar levels, and insulin is used to lower blood sugar levels. If the client is experiencing hyperglycemia while taking both medications, it indicates a possible medication interaction. Orthostatic hypotension (A) is not typically associated with this medication combination. Paresthesia (C) and jaundice (D) are not commonly related to prednisone and insulin interactions.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for digoxin. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse include as a contraindication for this medication?
- A. Glucosamine
- B. Garlic
- C. St. John's wort
- D. Ginkgo biloba
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: St. John's wort. St. John's wort can decrease the effectiveness of digoxin, leading to reduced therapeutic effects. This is due to St. John's wort inducing the enzymes that metabolize digoxin, resulting in lower drug levels in the body. Glucosamine (A), garlic (B), and ginkgo biloba (D) do not have significant interactions with digoxin. It is important to educate the client about potential herb-drug interactions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of their treatment.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has gout and is taking allopurinol. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse identify as the priority to report to the provider?
- A. Rash
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Nausea
- D. Metallic taste in mouth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rash. A rash could indicate a severe allergic reaction or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a potentially life-threatening skin disorder associated with allopurinol. This adverse effect requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications.
B: Diarrhea, C: Nausea, and D: Metallic taste in mouth are common side effects of allopurinol but not typically considered urgent or life-threatening. Reporting them to the provider is important, but they do not require immediate attention like a rash.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for lithium. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Decrease sodium intake
- C. Eat foods high in potassium
- D. Take the medication 1 hr before meals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase fluid intake. Lithium is a medication used to treat bipolar disorder, and it can cause dehydration and increase the risk of lithium toxicity. By increasing fluid intake, the client can maintain proper hydration levels, which helps to prevent lithium toxicity. This information is crucial for the client's safety and well-being.
Incorrect choices:
B: Decrease sodium intake - While monitoring sodium intake is important with lithium therapy, decreasing it is not necessary.
C: Eat foods high in potassium - While maintaining a balanced diet is important, focusing on potassium specifically is not directly related to lithium therapy.
D: Take the medication 1 hr before meals - Lithium can be taken with or without food, so the timing of meals in relation to medication is not a critical teaching point.
A nurse is caring for a client who has Graves' disease and is to start therapy with propylthiouracil. The nurse should expect which of the following outcomes?
- A. Increased Hct
- B. Decreased WBC count
- C. Decreased heart rate
- D. Increased blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased heart rate. Propylthiouracil is an antithyroid medication used to treat hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' disease. It works by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones. A decreased heart rate is an expected outcome as hyperthyroidism can cause tachycardia (increased heart rate), and treatment with propylthiouracil helps normalize heart rate.
Incorrect options:
A: Increased Hct - Propylthiouracil does not affect hematocrit levels.
B: Decreased WBC count - Propylthiouracil does not typically affect white blood cell count.
D: Increased blood pressure - Propylthiouracil does not lead to an increase in blood pressure.