Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo a thoracentesis. Which intervention should the nurse complete prior to the procedure?
- A. Measure oxygen saturation before and after a 12-minute walk.
- B. Verify that the client understands all possible complications.
- C. Explain the procedure in detail to the client and the family.
- D. Validate that informed consent has been given by the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Validate that informed consent has been given by the client. This is crucial before any invasive procedure to ensure the client fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives. This protects the client's autonomy and promotes ethical practice.
Choice A is incorrect because measuring oxygen saturation before and after a 12-minute walk is not relevant to preparing for a thoracentesis.
Choice B is incorrect because while it is important for the client to understand possible complications, verifying this understanding is not the priority before the procedure.
Choice C is incorrect because explaining the procedure in detail to the client and family is important, but ensuring informed consent comes first to respect the client's autonomy.
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The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
- A. oxygen
- B. carbon dioxide
- C. bicarbonate ion
- D. sodium ion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the most important chemical regulator of respiration as it directly affects the respiratory rate and depth. An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood triggers the body to increase respiration to expel the excess carbon dioxide. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide levels signals the body to decrease respiration. Oxygen (choice A) is important for cellular respiration but does not directly regulate breathing. Bicarbonate ion (choice C) and sodium ion (choice D) do not play a direct role in regulating respiration.
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
- A. Antibiotics are the best treatment option.
- B. Antibiotics will not help a viral condition.
- C. Antibiotics will be given if the sputum culture indicates your bronchitis is caused by bacteria.
- D. Antibiotics will inhibit the inflammatory response of your body to the invasion of this infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis.
- Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria.
- Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.
- Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture.
Summary:
- Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis.
- Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions.
- Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
A nurse instructs a female client to use the pursed-lip method of breathing and the client asks the nurse about the purpose of this type of breathing. The nurse responds, knowing that the primary purpose of pursed-lip breathing is to:
- A. Promote oxygen intake.
- B. Strengthen the diaphragm.
- C. Strengthen the intercostal muscles.
- D. Promote carbon dioxide elimination.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Promote carbon dioxide elimination. Pursed-lip breathing is a technique used to slow down breathing and help control shortness of breath. By exhaling through pursed lips, it creates back-pressure in the airways, allowing more time for the lungs to empty and facilitating better removal of carbon dioxide. This helps improve oxygenation by optimizing the gas exchange process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because pursed-lip breathing primarily focuses on improving ventilation and gas exchange, not specifically on increasing oxygen intake or strengthening specific respiratory muscles.
You are evaluating and assessing a client diagnosed with chronic emphysema. The client is on oxygen at a flow rate of 5 L/min by nasal cannula. Which finding concerns you immediately?
- A. The client has fine bibasilar crackles.
- B. The client's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/minute.
- C. The client sits up and leans over the nightstand.
- D. The client has a large barrel chest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/minute is abnormally low and indicates potential hypoventilation or respiratory depression, which is concerning in a client with chronic emphysema. Fine crackles (A) and barrel chest (D) are common findings but not immediately alarming. Sitting up and leaning forward (C) is a compensatory mechanism for easier breathing.
Type 2 alveolar cells are also called as___
- A. septal cells
- B. petal cells
- C. Surfactant
- D. respiratorycell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: septal cells. Type 2 alveolar cells are also known as septal cells because they are located in the alveolar septa. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Choice B, petal cells, is incorrect because there is no such term used to describe these cells. Choice C, Surfactant, is incorrect because surfactant is the substance produced by type 2 alveolar cells, not the name of the cells themselves. Choice D, respiratory cell, is incorrect because it is a vague term that does not specifically refer to type 2 alveolar cells.