Nokea
Most of the Antibiotics against TB are not effective as the Tubercle bacterium has a resistive covering. One of the following drug is effectively used to control TB
- A. Ethambutol
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Rifampicin
- D. Penicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C: Rifampicin):
1. Rifampicin is a first-line antibiotic for TB treatment.
2. It works by inhibiting RNA synthesis in the TB bacteria.
3. TB bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to Rifampicin.
4. Its effectiveness in treating TB has been well-documented.
Summary of Why Other Choices Are Incorrect:
A: Ethambutol - Effective against TB but not the most commonly used drug like Rifampicin.
B: Streptomycin - Can be used in TB treatment but not as effective as Rifampicin.
D: Penicillin - Ineffective against TB as TB bacteria are resistant to Penicillin.
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The ED nurse is assessing a patient complaining of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What might this indicate?
- A. The patient has a narrowed airway.
- B. The patient has pneumonia.
- C. The patient needs physiotherapy.
- D. The patient has a hemothorax.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient has a narrowed airway. Wheezing throughout the lung fields indicates the presence of narrowed airways, often due to conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wheezing is caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways, leading to a high-pitched whistling sound during expiration. This is a characteristic finding in patients with obstructive airway diseases.
Summary of other choices:
B: The patient having pneumonia would typically present with symptoms like fever, cough, and consolidation on auscultation, not wheezing.
C: The patient needing physiotherapy may have respiratory muscle weakness or secretion clearance issues but would not typically present with wheezing throughout lung fields.
D: The presence of a hemothorax (blood in the pleural space) would manifest as decreased breath sounds and signs of respiratory distress but not wheezing.
The nurse is aware that the characteristic of emphysema that gives rise to the "Pink Puffer" label is the emphysemic patient's:
- A. Dyspnea.
- B. Barrel chest.
- C. Thin body.
- D. Normal ABGs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Normal ABGs. In emphysema, the destruction of alveoli leads to impaired gas exchange, causing respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. However, "Pink Puffers" maintain normal or slightly low CO2 levels (normal ABGs) due to persistent hyperventilation. This compensatory mechanism helps them maintain adequate oxygen levels despite damaged alveoli. Dyspnea (choice A) and barrel chest (choice B) are common in emphysema but do not specifically contribute to the "Pink Puffer" label. Thin body (choice C) is associated with another type of COPD, chronic bronchitis.
All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
- A. Decreased pH
- B. Increased temperature
- C. Carbon monoxide
- D. Increased 2.3 DPG
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, not the right. Decreased pH, increased temperature, and increased 2,3 DPG all shift the curve to the right by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues.
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
- A. Antibiotics are the best treatment option.
- B. Antibiotics will not help a viral condition.
- C. Antibiotics will be given if the sputum culture indicates your bronchitis is caused by bacteria.
- D. Antibiotics will inhibit the inflammatory response of your body to the invasion of this infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis.
- Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria.
- Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.
- Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture.
Summary:
- Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis.
- Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions.
- Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo a thoracentesis. Which intervention should the nurse complete prior to the procedure?
- A. Measure oxygen saturation before and after a 12-minute walk.
- B. Verify that the client understands all possible complications.
- C. Explain the procedure in detail to the client and the family.
- D. Validate that informed consent has been given by the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Validate that informed consent has been given by the client. This is crucial before any invasive procedure to ensure the client fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives. This protects the client's autonomy and promotes ethical practice.
Choice A is incorrect because measuring oxygen saturation before and after a 12-minute walk is not relevant to preparing for a thoracentesis.
Choice B is incorrect because while it is important for the client to understand possible complications, verifying this understanding is not the priority before the procedure.
Choice C is incorrect because explaining the procedure in detail to the client and family is important, but ensuring informed consent comes first to respect the client's autonomy.