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Which of the following is an indication for electroencephalography?
- A. paralysis
- B. neuropathy
- C. seizure disorder
- D. myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'seizure disorder.' Electroencephalography is used to assess clients with seizure disorders by recording the brain's electrical activity. Seizure disorder is a primary indication for an EEG as it helps in diagnosing and managing seizure activity. Paralysis (choice A) is not typically an indication for an EEG as it relates to loss of muscle function rather than brain activity. Neuropathy (choice B) involves nerve damage and is not directly assessed by an EEG. Myocardial infarction (choice D) is related to heart issues and is not a condition that an EEG is used to diagnose.
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A client is having a seizure; his blood oxygen saturation drops from 92% to 82%. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Open the airway.
- B. Administer oxygen.
- C. Suction the client.
- D. Check for breathing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client is having a seizure and their blood oxygen saturation drops significantly, the priority action for the nurse is to open the airway. This allows for adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Administering oxygen can come after ensuring the airway is clear. Suctioning the client should be done if there is an airway obstruction, and checking for breathing is part of the assessment but opening the airway takes precedence to ensure proper oxygenation and ventilation during a critical event like a seizure.
Which of the following statements by a client indicates adequate understanding of preparation for a lipoprotein fractionation test?
- A. "I cannot eat or drink after midnight."?
- B. "I cannot eat for 12 hours before the test."?
- C. "I need to limit my fluid intake."?
- D. "I need to ingest a lipid solution."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement regarding preparation for a lipoprotein fractionation test is that the client cannot eat for 12 hours before the test. It is important to note that the client can drink an unrestricted amount of water. Limiting fluid intake is not necessary for this test. There is no need for the client to ingest a lipid solution as part of the preparation. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect.
The healthcare provider sustains a needle puncture that requires HIV prophylaxis. Which of the following medication regimens should be used?
- A. an antibiotic such as Metronidazole and a protease inhibitor (Saquinavir)
- B. two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C. one protease inhibitor such as Nelfinavir
- D. two protease inhibitors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the scenario of a needle puncture requiring HIV prophylaxis, the CDC recommends initiating treatment with two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, unless there is drug resistance. This regimen is preferred over other options such as a single protease inhibitor or two protease inhibitors due to its effectiveness and safety profile in this specific context. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are commonly used in post-exposure prophylaxis due to their activity against HIV and lower risk of resistance development compared to other antiretroviral drug classes.
Ethical and moral issues concerning restraints include all of the following except:
- A. emotional impact on the client and family
- B. dignity of the client
- C. client's quality of life
- D. policies and procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'policies and procedures.' While policies and procedures are important for guidance and structure, they do not inherently involve ethical or moral considerations. The emotional impact on the client and family, the dignity of the client, and the client's quality of life are all directly related to ethical and moral concerns when it comes to the use of restraints. These factors are crucial in ensuring that the use of restraints is not only physically necessary but also ethically justifiable and respects the individual's rights and well-being. Therefore, options A, B, and C are all aspects that touch upon ethical and moral dimensions in the context of restraints.
The nurse is teaching a teenage female about preventing the transmission of genital herpes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. "Do not sit on toilet seats without protection."?
- B. "Oral sex can transmit the virus."?
- C. "This infection can be transmitted via intercourse even when you do not feel ill."?
- D. "Try to drink lots of fluids after sex to flush the reproductive tract."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Genital herpes can be transmitted through oral, genital, and anal sex. It's crucial to understand that the infection can be spread through intercourse even when symptoms are not present. Option A is incorrect because genital herpes is not transmitted through toilet seats. Option B is correct as oral sex can transmit the virus. Option D is incorrect as drinking fluids after sex does not prevent the transmission of genital herpes.