Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client with malignant hypertension whose blood pressure has increased by 40 mm Hg during the past hour. The nurse goes to lunch and fails to report the change to the physician. The nurse is at risk for being charged with:
- A. negligence.
- B. assault.
- C. defamation of character.
- D. tort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Negligence
Rationale:
1. Negligence is the failure to provide the standard of care resulting in harm to the patient.
2. The nurse failed to report a significant change in the patient's condition, breaching the duty of care.
3. The increase in blood pressure could lead to serious complications, indicating the severity of negligence.
Summary:
B: Assault - Involves intentional threat or harm, not applicable in this scenario.
C: Defamation of character - Involves false statements damaging reputation, not relevant in the context of patient care.
D: Tort - A broader legal term encompassing various civil wrongs, but negligence is a specific type of tort applicable here.
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One difference between a leader and a manager is that a:
- A. leader has legitimate authority.
- B. manager motivates and inspires others.
- C. manager focuses on coordinating resources.
- D. leader focuses on accomplishing goals of the organization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: A manager focuses on coordinating resources, such as people, time, and materials, to achieve organizational goals.
Step 2: Coordinating resources is a key responsibility of a manager, as it involves planning, organizing, and controlling to ensure efficient operations.
Step 3: Leaders, on the other hand, focus on setting a vision, inspiring and motivating others to achieve goals.
Step 4: While both leaders and managers play crucial roles, the distinction lies in their primary focus and responsibilities.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it accurately reflects the key difference between a leader and a manager.
A nurse is completing the degree requirements for an advanced practice role as a nurse practitioner and is concerned about certification requirements. Which statement concerning certification for advanced practice is true?
- A. All states require certification for all specialty roles that are identified as advanced practice.
- B. Nurse anesthetists and nurse-midwives are the only advanced practice role that require certification in the state nurse practice acts.
- C. Scope of practice remains unclear in state nurse practice acts due to the increasing number of new advanced practice roles.
- D. Certification is automatic when the nurse applies for an advanced practice license.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because most states require certification for all specialty roles identified as advanced practice. This is crucial for ensuring that nurse practitioners have met specific educational and clinical practice requirements to provide safe and competent care.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Nurse anesthetists and nurse-midwives are not the only advanced practice roles that require certification in most states. Other roles such as nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists also require certification.
C: The increasing number of new advanced practice roles does not necessarily mean that the scope of practice remains unclear in state nurse practice acts. Certification requirements help define the scope of practice for each role.
D: Certification is not automatic when applying for an advanced practice license. Nurses must complete specific educational programs and pass certification exams to obtain certification for their chosen specialty role.
According to current data related to the nursing shortage: (select all that apply)
- A. salaries of nurses are competitive with those of other professionals such as teachers.
- B. only 19% of nurses are minorities.
- C. overall, nurses are satisfied with their jobs but leave the profession because of fear of contracting fatal diseases.
- D. the employment opportunities for nurses continue to be strong.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Answer D: The correct answer is D because the statement aligns with current data indicating a strong demand for nurses leading to ample job opportunities. This information is supported by various reports and studies highlighting the ongoing nursing shortage and the need for more healthcare professionals. Employment opportunities for nurses are indeed robust, with job growth projected to continue in the coming years due to factors like an aging population and increasing healthcare needs.
Summary of Other Choices:
A: Salaries of nurses being competitive with other professionals like teachers may vary depending on location and specialty, but it is not a direct indicator of the nursing shortage.
B: The percentage of minority nurses is not directly related to the nursing shortage issue, making this statement irrelevant to the current data on the shortage.
C: Job satisfaction and reasons for leaving the nursing profession may include various factors, but fear of contracting diseases is not a primary reason cited in current data on the nursing shortage.
Nurses in a unionized hospital are paid "compensatory pay" when working holidays equal to the number of hours worked with no extra compensation. Although they have suggested changes during the annual survey of employee satisfaction, management refuses to consider another system for compensatory pay. A trained member listened to both nurses and management to make recommendations that were not legally binding. This type of settlement is termed:
- A. picketing.
- B. binding arbitration.
- C. mediation.
- D. grievance.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: mediation. In this scenario, a trained member listened to both parties (nurses and management) and made recommendations that were not legally binding. Mediation involves a neutral third party facilitating communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable resolution. It is non-binding, unlike binding arbitration, where a decision is imposed on the parties. Picketing involves organized striking by employees to protest against employer practices. Grievance is a formal complaint process within an organization. Mediation is the appropriate term for this non-binding settlement process in this context.
A researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with a survey of college sophomores. The researcher was applying the principles of:
- A. beneficence.
- B. human dignity.
- C. justice.
- D. human rights.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.