Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing Related

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Nurses entering the workforce at a large urban hospital soon began volunteering for excessive overtime. A focus group found that upon graduation, many of these nurses purchased expensive cars and furniture. They lacked skills in managing their checkbook and were often unable to pay recurring bills; this finding would be relevant to which component of the Workforce Advocacy Ecosystem Model?

  • A. Staffing
  • B. Workflow design
  • C. Organizational factors
  • D. Personal and social factors
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Personal and social factors. This finding is relevant to personal and social factors because it highlights the individual behaviors and financial decisions of the nurses entering the workforce. The nurses' lack of financial management skills and tendency to overspend on luxury items indicate personal factors influencing their ability to handle their finances effectively. Additionally, their social environment, such as peer influences or societal pressure to display wealth, could also contribute to their financial struggles.

Incorrect choices:
A: Staffing - This choice focuses on the recruitment and deployment of staff, which is not directly related to the nurses' personal financial management issues.
B: Workflow design - This choice pertains to how tasks are organized and coordinated within the workplace, which is not directly related to the nurses' personal financial challenges.
C: Organizational factors - This choice refers to the broader context of the hospital's policies, culture, and structures, which may indirectly influence the nurses' financial behaviors but are not as directly related as personal and social factors

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During an admission history and physical, a female patient states, "I use 5000 mg/day of calcium to prevent osteoporosis and to maintain health." The nurse should assess for:

  • A. excessive bleeding.
  • B. kidney stones.
  • C. lower blood sugar.
  • D. jaundice.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: kidney stones. High calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones due to excess calcium being excreted in the urine. The nurse should assess for symptoms like flank pain, hematuria, and frequent urination. Excessive bleeding (choice A) is not directly related to high calcium intake. Lower blood sugar (choice C) and jaundice (choice D) are not typically associated with calcium intake.

Florence Nightingale is attributed with being intelligent (she developed statistical methods to evaluate health care), dependable (she often worked long hours to care for the injured), and ambitious (she fought against society's perception of nursing). Those who depict her as a leader on the basis of these qualities are practicing which leadership theory?

  • A. Trait
  • B. Chaos
  • C. Bureaucracy
  • D. Organizational
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the qualities attributed to Florence Nightingale: intelligent, dependable, ambitious.
Step 2: Recognize these qualities as traits.
Step 3: Trait theory states that effective leaders possess certain traits.
Step 4: Florence Nightingale's leadership qualities align with trait theory.
Step 5: Therefore, depicting her as a leader based on her traits falls under trait theory.
Summary:
A: Trait theory focuses on inherent qualities of leaders, which align with Florence Nightingale's qualities.
B: Chaos theory emphasizes unpredictability and complexity, not relevant here.
C: Bureaucracy theory centers on structured organizations, not applicable to Nightingale's personal traits.
D: Organizational theory addresses structure and management within organizations, not related to individual leadership attributes like traits.

A nurse preparing a resume for the first position is anxious to demonstrate all achievements, which included completing a rigorous accelerated program and maintaining a high GPA while also serving in many community projects and leadership positions. The applicant finds it impossible to include all the accolades on one page and researches tips for professional cover letters and resumes and learns:

  • A. margins should be at least 0.5 inch on all four sides, making conciseness important.
  • B. paper should be bright colored to catch the attention of the recruiter.
  • C. legal size paper may be used when applicants have many accolades or extensive work history.
  • D. standardized cover letters present a professional image as opposed to those that stress the applicant's perspective too heavily.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because having margins of at least 0.5 inch on all four sides allows for a clear and organized presentation of information. By adhering to this guideline, the resume will appear neat and professional, making it easier for the recruiter to read and comprehend the content. This promotes conciseness by forcing the applicant to prioritize the most relevant achievements and information.

The other choices are incorrect because using bright colored paper (B) may come across as unprofessional and distracting. Legal size paper (C) is not recommended as it deviates from the standard letter size and can make it difficult for the recruiter to handle and file the resume. Standardized cover letters (D) may appear generic and fail to highlight the unique qualifications and achievements of the applicant.

A nurse is having difficulty managing assignments at work, which results in a feeling of "failure" and tasks that are not completed or that are not completed satisfactorily. The mentor suggests some tips for time management. These include: (select all that apply)

  • A. focusing on activities to be completed, rather than on objectives.
  • B. planning for tomorrow today.
  • C. making certain that the last hours are the most productive in tying up loose ends.
  • D. maintaining a log of how the nurse spends time (no need to worry about using complete sentences).
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:

1. Planning for tomorrow today allows the nurse to set clear goals and prioritize tasks in advance.
2. By planning ahead, the nurse can allocate time efficiently, reducing the feeling of overwhelm.
3. This approach fosters better organization and focus, enhancing productivity and task completion.
4. Planning helps in identifying potential obstacles and developing strategies to overcome them.
5. Ultimately, effective planning leads to better time management and a sense of accomplishment.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Focusing on activities rather than objectives can lead to a lack of direction and prioritization.
C: Making the last hours most productive neglects the importance of consistent time management throughout the day.
D: Maintaining a log of time spent can be helpful but does not address the proactive approach of planning ahead for better time management.

Despite the presence of safety aids such as handrails in the bathrooms at an assisted living facility, the number of fractures due to unsteady ambulation upon arising from the bed and when attempting to perform activities of daily living has increased. Which complementary alternative medicine (CAM) would be an effective intervention for this population?

  • A. Yoga
  • B. Acupuncture
  • C. Tai chi
  • D. Magnet therapy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Tai chi is the correct answer because it focuses on improving balance, strength, and flexibility, which are essential for preventing falls in the elderly. Tai chi's slow, controlled movements can help improve stability and reduce the risk of fractures.

Summary:
A (Yoga) focuses more on flexibility and relaxation, not specifically on balance and stability.
B (Acupuncture) is not a physical activity and does not directly address the issue of unsteady ambulation.
D (Magnet therapy) lacks scientific evidence to support its effectiveness in improving balance and preventing falls.

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