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A nurse is caring for a laboring person who is experiencing fetal bradycardia. What is the priority intervention?
- A. increase fluid intake
- B. administer oxygen
- C. monitor the fetal heart rate continuously
- D. place the laboring person on their left side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: administer oxygen. Fetal bradycardia indicates reduced oxygen supply to the fetus, so providing oxygen to the laboring person can help increase oxygen levels for the fetus. This intervention is crucial to prevent further complications. Increasing fluid intake (A) may not address the immediate issue of fetal distress. Monitoring fetal heart rate continuously (C) is important but not the priority when immediate intervention is needed. Placing the laboring person on their left side (D) can help optimize fetal oxygenation, but administering oxygen is more direct and effective in this situation.
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A nurse is assisting with a vaginal delivery. What is the most important nursing intervention when the fetal head begins to crown?
- A. apply gentle downward pressure
- B. perform perineal massage
- C. administer pain relief
- D. administer IV fluids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle downward pressure. This intervention helps prevent rapid expulsion of the baby, reducing the risk of perineal tears and minimizing maternal discomfort. It also helps control the delivery process, ensuring a safe and controlled birth.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Perineal massage is not indicated at the crowning stage as it may interfere with the natural birthing process.
C: Administering pain relief should have been addressed earlier in labor and is not a priority at this stage.
D: Administering IV fluids is important for hydration but is not the most critical intervention when the fetal head is crowning.
The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as the __________ number.
- A. haploid
- B. DNA
- C. Chromoses
- D. Plastoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to fertilization, each cell undergoes meiosis, reducing its chromosome count from 46 to 23. This reduction ensures genetic diversity and proper development of the embryo. The term 'haploid' refers to cells containing only one set of chromosomes.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is 24 weeks gestation and has been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
- B. Encourage the patient to drink cranberry juice.
- C. Provide education about the signs of preterm labor.
- D. Schedule a follow-up ultrasound to assess fetal health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics as prescribed. The priority is to treat the UTI to prevent potential harm to the patient and fetus. Antibiotics are necessary to eliminate the infection and reduce the risk of complications. Encouraging cranberry juice (B) may be beneficial for prevention but is not sufficient to treat an existing UTI. Providing education about preterm labor signs (C) is important but addressing the infection is the immediate concern. Scheduling a follow-up ultrasound (D) may be necessary later but does not address the urgent need to treat the UTI.
A client enters the prenatal clinic. She states that she believes she is pregnant. Which of the following hormone elevations will indicate a high probability that the client is pregnant?
- A. Chorionic gonadotropin.
- B. Oxytocin.
- C. Prolactin.
- D. Luteinizing hormone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests and is a definitive indicator of pregnancy. Oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone are not specific to pregnancy.
Place these developmental milestones in chronological order: Four-chambered heart forms, Vernix caseosa appears, Blastocyst development completes, Testes descend
- A. Blastocyst development complete
- B. Four-chambered heart forms
- C. Vernix caseosa present
- D. Testes descend into scrotum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Development follows the sequence: blastocyst formation, four-chambered heart, vernix appearance, and testicular descent.