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A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic gastritis. What health promotion topic should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Strategies for maintaining an alkaline gastric environment
- B. Safe technique for self-suctioning
- C. Techniques for positioning correctly to promote gastric healing
- D. Strategies for avoiding irritating foods and beverages
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Measures to help relieve pain include instructing the patient to avoid foods and beverages that may be irritating to the gastric mucosa and instructing the patient about the correct use of medications to relieve chronic gastritis. An alkaline gastric environment is neither possible nor desirable. There is no plausible need for self-suctioning. Positioning does not have a significant effect on the presence or absence of gastric healing.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who just has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. When teaching the patient about his new diagnosis, how should the nurse best describe a peptic ulcer?
- A. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach
- B. Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine
- C. Bleeding from the mucosa in the stomach
- D. Viral invasion of the stomach wall
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A peptic ulcer is erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine. Peptic ulcers are often accompanied by bleeding and inflammation, but these are not the definitive characteristics.
A nurse is completing a health history on a patient whose diagnosis is chronic gastritis. Which of the data should the nurse consider most significantly related to the etiology of the patients health problem?
- A. Consumes one or more protein drinks daily.
- B. Takes over-the-counter antacids frequently throughout the day.
- C. Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily.
- D. Reports a history of social drinking on a weekly basis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nicotine reduces secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate, which inhibits neutralization of gastric acid and can underlie gastritis. Protein drinks do not result in gastric inflammation. Antacid use is a response to experiencing symptoms of gastritis, not the etiology of gastritis. Alcohol ingestion can lead to gastritis; however, this generally occurs in patients with a history of consumption of alcohol on a daily basis.
A patient with gastritis required hospital treatment for an exacerbation of symptoms and receives a subsequent diagnosis of pernicious anemia due to malabsorption. When planning the patients continuing care in the home setting, what assessment question is most relevant?
- A. Does anyone in your family have experience at giving injections?
- B. Are you going to be anywhere with strong sunlight in the next few months?
- C. Are you aware of your blood type?
- D. Do any of your family members have training in first aid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with malabsorption of vitamin B12 need information about lifelong vitamin B12 injections; the nurse may instruct a family member or caregiver how to administer the injections or make arrangements for the patient to receive the injections from a health care provider. Questions addressing sun exposure, blood type, and first aid are not directly relevant.
A patient has been prescribed orlistat (Xenical) for the treatment of obesity. When providing relevant health education for this patient, the nurse should ensure the patient is aware of what potential adverse effect of treatment?
- A. Bowel incontinence
- B. Flatus with oily discharge
- C. Abdominal pain
- D. Heat intolerance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Side effects of orlistat include increased frequency of bowel movements, gas with oily discharge, decreased food absorption, decreased bile flow, and decreased absorption of some vitamins. This drug does not cause bowel incontinence, abdominal pain, or heat intolerance.
A patient who underwent gastric banding 3 days ago is having her diet progressed on a daily basis. Following her latest meal, the patient complains of dizziness and palpitations. Inspection reveals that the patient is diaphoretic. What is the nurses best action?
- A. Insert a nasogastric tube promptly.
- B. Reposition the patient supine.
- C. Monitor the patient closely for further signs of dumping syndrome.
- D. Assess the patient for signs and symptoms of aspiration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patients symptoms are characteristic of dumping syndrome, which results in a sensation of fullness, weakness, faintness, dizziness, palpitations, diaphoresis, cramping pains, and diarrhea. Aspiration is a less likely cause for the patients symptoms. Supine positioning will likely exacerbate the symptoms and insertion of an NG tube is contraindicated due to the nature of the patients surgery.