ATI Hematologic System Test

ATI Hematologic System Test Related

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with leukemia. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals the presence of ecchymoses on the patient's sacral area and petechiae in her forearms. In addition to informing the patient's primary care provider, the nurse should perform what action?

  • A. Initiate measures to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE).
  • B. Check the patient's most recent platelet level.
  • C. Place the patient on protective isolation.
  • D. Ambulate the patient to promote circulatory function.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B is correct:
1. Petechiae and ecchymoses indicate potential thrombocytopenia in a leukemia patient.
2. Checking the patient's platelet level will confirm thrombocytopenia and guide treatment.
3. Low platelet levels can lead to bleeding complications, hence the importance of monitoring.
4. Prompt intervention based on platelet level results can prevent worsening complications.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Initiating measures to prevent VTE is not directly related to the patient's current presentation of ecchymoses and petechiae.
C: Placing the patient on protective isolation is not indicated for thrombocytopenia.
D: Ambulating the patient may be beneficial for circulation but does not address the underlying issue of potential thrombocytopenia.

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A nurse is caring for a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma at the oncology clinic. The nurse should be aware of what main goal of care?

  • A. Cure of the disease
  • B. Enhancing quality of life
  • C. Controlling symptoms
  • D. Palliation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cure of the disease. In Hodgkin lymphoma, the main goal of care is to achieve a cure whenever possible. This is because Hodgkin lymphoma is a potentially curable cancer with appropriate treatment. Curative intent focuses on eradicating the cancer completely, leading to long-term remission or cure. Enhancing quality of life (B) is important but not the main goal in Hodgkin lymphoma as the primary aim is to eliminate the disease. Controlling symptoms (C) is important for comfort but not the main goal in curable cases. Palliation (D) is more relevant in advanced or incurable cases, not the main goal in Hodgkin lymphoma.

Which of the following alters the function of thrombin from a procoagulant protein to one that downregulates the formation of fibrinogen?

  • A. Protein C
  • B. Protein S
  • C. Antithrombin
  • D. Thrombomodulin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin binds to thrombin and changes its function from procoagulant to anticoagulant by activating protein C. This leads to the downregulation of fibrinogen formation. Protein C (choice A) and its cofactor Protein S (choice B) are involved in the anticoagulant pathway but do not directly alter thrombin's function. Antithrombin (choice C) inhibits thrombin and other coagulation factors, but it doesn't specifically change thrombin's function from procoagulant to anticoagulant.

Which of the following best characterizes the function of ferroportin in iron metabolism?

  • A. A form of storage iron in intestinal mucosal cells
  • B. A transport protein in the plasma
  • C. A receptor protein on the surface of erythroid progenitors
  • D. Transmembrane iron exporter
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transmembrane iron exporter. Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that functions as an iron exporter, allowing iron to move out of cells. This is crucial in iron metabolism as it facilitates the release of iron from cells into the bloodstream for transport to other tissues.

A: A form of storage iron in intestinal mucosal cells - This is incorrect as ferroportin is not involved in storing iron in cells.

B: A transport protein in the plasma - This is incorrect as ferroportin is not primarily a plasma protein but rather a transmembrane protein.

C: A receptor protein on the surface of erythroid progenitors - This is incorrect as ferroportin is not a receptor protein but an exporter protein.

The nurse assesses a patient who has numerous petechiae on both arms. Which question should the nurse ask the patient?

  • A. Do you take salicylates?
  • B. Are you taking any oral contraceptives?
  • C. Have you been prescribed antiseizure drugs?
  • D. How long have you taken antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Do you take salicylates? Petechiae can be a sign of salicylate use, which can cause bleeding disorders. By asking about salicylates, the nurse can determine if the petechiae are related to medication. Choice B is not directly related to petechiae. Choice C is more specific to antiseizure drugs and not commonly associated with petechiae. Choice D is unrelated to petechiae and focuses on hypertension management. Asking about salicylates is the most appropriate to assess potential medication-induced petechiae.

An oncology nurse is providing health education for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with leukemia. What should the nurse explain about commonalities between all of the different subtypes of leukemia?

  • A. The different leukemias all involve unregulated proliferation of WBC
  • B. The different leukemias all have unregulated proliferation of red blood cells and decreased bone marrow function.
  • C. The different leukemias all result in a decrease in the production of white blood cells.
  • D. The different leukemias all involve the development of cancer in the lymphatic system.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The different leukemias all involve unregulated proliferation of WBC. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells. This abnormal proliferation of white blood cells is a common feature across all subtypes of leukemia.

Explanation:
1. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
2. In leukemia, there is uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells.
3. Different subtypes of leukemia may have specific characteristics, but they all involve the abnormal growth of white blood cells.

Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because leukemias do not involve unregulated proliferation of red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect because leukemias do not always result in a decrease in white blood cell production. Choice D is incorrect because leukemia is not specifically related to the lymphatic system; it affects the blood and bone marrow.

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