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A nurse is caring for a patient who has been scheduled for a bone scan. What should the nurse teach the patient about this diagnostic test?
- A. The test is brief and requires that you drink a calcium solution 2 hours before the test.
- B. You will not be allowed fluid for 2 hours before and 3 hours after the test.
- C. You'll be encouraged to drink water after the administration of the radioisotope injection.
- D. This is a common test that can be safely performed on anyone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important to encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids to help distribute and eliminate the isotopic after it is injected. There are important contraindications to the procedure, include pregnancy or an allergy to the radioisotope. The test requires the injection of an intravenous radioisotope and the scan is preformed 2 to 3 hours after the isotope is injected. A calcium solution is not utilized.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had an arthroscopy as an outpatient and is getting ready to go home. The nurse should teach the patient to monitor closely for what postprocedure complication?
- A. Fever
- B. Crepitus
- C. Fasciculations
- D. Synovial fluid leakage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following arthroscopy, the patient and family are informed of complications to watch for, including fever. Synovial fluid leakage is unlikely and crepitus would not develop as a postprocedure complication. Fasciculations are muscle twitches and do not involve joint integrity or function.
A patient has just had an arthroscopy performed to assess a knee injury. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement following this procedure?
- A. Wrap the joint in a compression dressing.
- B. Perform passive range of motion exercises.
- C. Maintain the knee in flexion for up to 30 minutes.
- D. Apply heat to the knee.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interventions to perform following an arthroscopy include wrapping the joint in a compression dressing, extending and elevating the joint, and applying ice or cold packs. Passive ROM exercises, static flexion, and heat are not indicated.
A nurse is caring for an older adult who has been diagnosed with geriatric failure to thrive. This patient's prolonged immobility creates a risk for what complication?
- A. Muscle clonus
- B. Muscle atrophy
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis
- D. Muscle fasciculations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a muscle is in disuse for an extended period of time, it is at risk of developing atrophy, which is the decrease in size. Clonus is a pattern of rhythmic muscle contractions and fasciculation is the involuntary twitch of muscle fibers; neither results from immobility. Lack of exercise is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
A nurse's assessment of a teenage girl reveals that her shoulders are not level and that she has one prominent scapula that is accentuated by bending forward. The nurse should expect to read about what health problem in the patient's electronic health record?
- A. Lordosis
- B. Kyphosis
- C. Scoliosis
- D. Muscular dystrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scoliosis is evidenced by an abnormal lateral curve in the spine, shoulders that are not level, an asymmetric waistline, and a prominent scapula, accentuated by bending forward. Lordosis is the curvature in the lower back; kyphosis is an exaggerated curvature of the upper back. This finding is not suggestive of muscular dystrophy.
A patient has had a cast placed for the treatment of a humeral fracture. The nurse's most recent assessment shows signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
- A. Arrange for a STAT assessment of the patient's serum calcium levels.
- B. Perform active range of motion exercises.
- C. Assess the patient's joint function symmetrically.
- D. Contact the primary care provider immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This major neurovascular problem is caused by pressure within a muscle compartment that increases to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes, leading to nerve and muscle anoxia and necrosis. Function can be permanently lost if the anoxic situation continues for longer than 6 hours. Therefore, immediate medical care is a priority over further nursing assessment. Assessment of calcium levels is unnecessary.