Nokea
A nurse is caring for a patient who has had a myocardial infarction. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?
- A. Lisinopril.
- B. Acetaminophen.
- C. Furosemide.
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly prescribed post-myocardial infarction to reduce strain on the heart and prevent further damage.
Step 2: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril help lower blood pressure and improve heart function.
Step 3: By reducing the workload on the heart, Lisinopril can help prevent complications post-MI.
Step 4: Acetaminophen (B) is a pain reliever and does not address the cardiovascular issues post-MI.
Step 5: Furosemide (C) and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) are diuretics typically used for managing fluid retention, not the primary focus after an MI.
Summary: Lisinopril is the correct choice as it helps improve heart function and prevent complications post-MI, unlike the other options which do not directly address the cardiovascular issues associated with MI.
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of a functional assessment?
- A. It assesses how the individual is coping with life at home.
- B. It determines how children are meeting developmental milestones.
- C. It can identify any memory problems an individual may be experiencing.
- D. In the case of the older adult, it helps determine how that person is managing day-to-day activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a functional assessment specifically evaluates an older adult's ability to manage day-to-day activities, such as personal care, meal preparation, and mobility. This assessment helps identify any difficulties the individual may have in performing these essential tasks, which can then inform appropriate interventions or support services. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the primary focus of a functional assessment, which is to evaluate an individual's functional abilities and independence in daily living tasks, particularly in the context of aging or disability.
Which is included only in a comprehensive assessment?
- A. Circulatory assessment
- B. Assessment of the airway
- C. Complete health history
- D. Disability assessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Complete health history. In a comprehensive assessment, obtaining a complete health history is essential to gather information about the patient's past and present health conditions, including medical history, family history, social history, and current symptoms. This information helps the healthcare provider understand the patient's overall health status, identify risk factors, and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Assessing the circulatory system (A) and airway (B) are important components of a physical assessment, but they alone do not constitute a comprehensive assessment. Disability assessment (D) focuses on the functional limitations caused by a disability and is not always included in a comprehensive health assessment.
What is the most appropriate action when a parent crosses their arms and legs during an interview?
- A. Just changing positions
- B. More comfortable in this position
- C. Tired and needs a break
- D. Uncomfortable talking about his son's treatment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because crossing arms and legs can indicate defensiveness or discomfort, which may suggest the parent is uneasy discussing their son's treatment. This nonverbal cue could signal a need for empathy and sensitivity in communication. Choice A is incorrect as it overlooks the significance of body language. Choice B assumes comfort without considering the context. Choice C assumes tiredness without considering other possibilities. Understanding body language cues can help in building rapport and addressing concerns effectively.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a client with severe nausea and vomiting?
- A. Administer antiemetics
- B. Administer fluids
- C. Administer analgesics
- D. Monitor electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antiemetics. Antiemetics help alleviate nausea and vomiting by blocking neurotransmitters in the brain. This intervention directly targets the symptoms and provides relief for the client. Administering fluids (B) may help with hydration but does not address the root cause. Administering analgesics (C) is for pain relief, not for nausea and vomiting. Monitoring electrolytes (D) is important but does not directly treat the symptoms. Therefore, administering antiemetics is the most appropriate intervention for severe nausea and vomiting.
Which of the following statements is true regarding respect for differences?
- A. All patients will behave in the same way when asked questions by a health care provider.
- B. Conveying respect for differences will build trust and welcome patients to share their understandings.
- C. Having cultural expectations is the key to understanding individual differences.
- D. Expressing one's culture is largely dependent on the amount of his or her exposure to Canadian values.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conveying respect for differences helps build trust and encourages patients to share their perspectives openly. This fosters a positive patient-provider relationship and enhances communication. Choice A is incorrect as patients have unique behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as cultural expectations do not fully explain individual differences. Choice D is incorrect as expressing one's culture is not solely dependent on exposure to Canadian values.