Nokea
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. The nurse should educate the patient to prioritize which of the following?
- A. Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury.
- B. Engaging in weight-bearing exercise.
- C. Increasing protein intake.
- D. Using tight-fitting shoes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury. This is crucial for a patient with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy to prevent complications like diabetic foot ulcers. Daily foot inspections can help detect any injuries or changes early to prevent infection or further damage. It is important to prioritize this over other choices because early intervention can prevent serious consequences. Engaging in weight-bearing exercise (choice B) can be beneficial but may not be the priority in this case. Increasing protein intake (choice C) is not directly related to foot care. Using tight-fitting shoes (choice D) can lead to pressure ulcers and should be avoided.
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A patient is at the clinic to have her blood pressure checkeShe has been coming to the clinic weekly since her medications were changed 2 months ago. The nurse should:
- A. collect a follow-up database and then check the patient's blood pressure.
- B. ask the patient to read her health record and indicate any changes since her last visit.
- C. check only the blood pressure because the patient's complete health history was documented 2 months ago.
- D. obtain a complete health history before checking the blood pressure because much of the patient's information may have changed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Collecting a follow-up database ensures up-to-date information.
2. It allows for monitoring of medication effectiveness and any new symptoms.
3. Checking the blood pressure is essential but needs current context.
4. Asking the patient to read her record may not provide all necessary updates.
5. The complete health history is crucial but obtaining it first may delay urgent blood pressure check.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing blood glucose levels. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. I will exercise regularly to help manage my condition.
- C. I will stop taking my insulin once my blood glucose is normal.
- D. I will eat a balanced diet and avoid sugary foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Stopping insulin once blood glucose is normal is incorrect as insulin is crucial for managing diabetes even when blood glucose levels are within the target range. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels consistently, and stopping it abruptly can lead to hyperglycemia. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements indicating good diabetes management practices. Monitoring blood glucose levels, exercising regularly, and following a balanced diet are essential for controlling blood sugar levels and overall health.
Which condition places a client at risk for elevated ammonia levels?
- A. Renal failure
- B. Cirrhosis
- C. Psoriasis
- D. Lupus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lupus. Lupus can affect the kidneys, leading to renal impairment. Renal impairment can decrease the body's ability to excrete ammonia, resulting in elevated levels. Renal failure (choice A) can also lead to elevated ammonia levels, but lupus specifically contributes to renal issues. Cirrhosis (choice B) primarily affects the liver, not kidneys. Psoriasis (choice C) is a skin condition and does not directly impact ammonia levels.
Which quadrant of the abdomen is tender in suspected appendicitis?
- A. upper right
- B. upper left
- C. lower right
- D. lower left
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct quadrant for tenderness in suspected appendicitis is the lower right quadrant (Choice C). This is because the appendix is located in the lower right abdomen. Appendicitis typically presents with pain starting around the navel and then localizing to the lower right quadrant. The other choices, upper right (Choice A), upper left (Choice B), and lower left (Choice D) are incorrect as they do not correspond to the typical location of the appendix. Upper right quadrant is where the liver and gallbladder are situated, upper left quadrant contains the stomach and spleen, and lower left quadrant has the colon and left ovary/testis.
A 47-year-old woman who is a recent immigrant to Canada is being seen at the clinic today for her uncontrolled diabetes. The nurse knows that the patient lives with her husband and a large extended family. The nurse concludes that part of the patient's inability to maintain and comply with her diet and diabetic regime is the foods that this patient eats. This conclusion is an example of:
- A. cultural sensitivity.
- B. cultural safety.
- C. cultural perspective.
- D. culturalism.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: culturalism. The nurse's conclusion that the patient's inability to maintain her diet and diabetic regime is due to the foods she eats reflects culturalism. Culturalism refers to the belief that a person's behaviors and beliefs are solely determined by their culture. In this case, the nurse is attributing the patient's struggles solely to her cultural background without considering other factors.
A: Cultural sensitivity is about being aware and respectful of different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions based on culture alone.
B: Cultural safety is about creating a safe and respectful environment for individuals from different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture.
C: Cultural perspective involves understanding different cultural viewpoints, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture.
In summary, the nurse's conclusion is an example of culturalism as it oversimplifies the patient's situation by attributing her struggles solely to her cultural background.