Nokea
Which condition is associated with inadequate intake of vitamin C?
- A. Rickets
- B. Marasmus
- C. Kwashiorkor
- D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Without enough vitamin C, collagen production is impaired, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, fatigue, and joint pain.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, not vitamin C.
B: Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition due to inadequate intake of calories and protein, not specifically vitamin C.
C: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition typically caused by inadequate protein intake, not vitamin C deficiency.
In summary, the correct answer is D (Scurvy) because it directly relates to inadequate intake of vitamin C, while the other choices are associated with different nutrient deficiencies.
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A woman comes to the clinic complaining of severe itching on her lower legs. Upon examination, the nurse notices red, scaly patches on the skin. The nurse suspects that this is:
- A. Psoriasis.
- B. Eczema.
- C. Contact dermatitis.
- D. A fungal infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psoriasis. Psoriasis is characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin, which align with the symptoms described. Psoriasis commonly affects the lower legs and is associated with severe itching. Eczema (choice B) is characterized by red, inflamed, and itchy skin patches, but typically presents differently from psoriasis. Contact dermatitis (choice C) is a localized reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen, and fungal infections (choice D) typically present with itching, redness, and sometimes peeling skin, but not necessarily scaly patches like psoriasis.
A nurse is assessing a patient who has a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following findings would be most concerning?
- A. Pain and swelling in the leg.
- B. Redness and warmth around the affected area.
- C. Shortness of breath and chest pain.
- D. Pale skin and decreased pulse in the affected leg.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath and chest pain. This is most concerning because it could indicate a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication of DVT where a blood clot travels to the lungs. Shortness of breath and chest pain are signs of compromised respiratory and cardiac function.
A: Pain and swelling in the leg are common symptoms of DVT but not as concerning as symptoms of a pulmonary embolism.
B: Redness and warmth around the affected area are typical signs of inflammation associated with DVT but do not indicate a life-threatening complication like a pulmonary embolism.
D: Pale skin and decreased pulse in the affected leg could be signs of compromised circulation due to DVT, but they are not as immediately life-threatening as symptoms of a pulmonary embolism.
What should a nurse base their response on when a client asks about an increase in opioid dose for chronic pain?
- A. Body has developed tolerance, requiring more drug
- B. The client is preoccupied with the drug
- C. Addiction is the term for physical dependence
- D. Dual diagnosis of substance abuse and chronic pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tolerance is a physiological phenomenon where the body adapts to a drug, requiring higher doses for the same effect. This is a common occurrence with opioids in chronic pain management. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to drug-seeking behavior, not tolerance. Choice C is incorrect because addiction and physical dependence are different concepts. Choice D is incorrect as it relates to a specific scenario of substance abuse alongside chronic pain, not the mechanism behind the need for increased opioid doses in chronic pain management.
The nurse is performing a mental health assessment on a 5-year-old girl. Her parents are in the middle of a bitter divorce and are worried about the effect it is having on their daughter. Which of the following might lead the nurse to be concerned about the girl's mental health?
- A. She clings to her mother whenever the nurse is in the room.
- B. She appears angry and will not make eye contact with the nurse.
- C. Her mother states that the girl has begun to ride a tricycle around their yard.
- D. Her mother states that her daughter prefers to play with toddlers instead of kids her own age while in daycare.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it indicates a potential concern about the girl's mental health. This behavior may suggest a difficulty in socializing with peers of her own age, which could be a sign of emotional distress or developmental issues. This is concerning in the context of her parents' bitter divorce.
A: Clinging to her mother is a common behavior for a child going through a stressful situation, so it may not necessarily indicate a mental health issue.
B: Appearing angry and avoiding eye contact could also be a normal reaction to stress or discomfort.
C: Riding a tricycle is a typical activity for a 5-year-old and may not directly relate to mental health concerns.
What is the most effective action for a client with suspected sepsis?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Administer fluids
- C. Administer fluids
- D. Administer oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics. Antibiotics are crucial in treating sepsis as they help to fight the underlying infection causing the condition. Administering antibiotics promptly can prevent the infection from spreading and worsening. Fluids (choices B and C) are important for treating sepsis to maintain blood pressure and support organ function, but antibiotics are the primary intervention to target the infection. Administering oxygen (choice D) may be necessary to support respiratory function in septic patients, but it is not the most effective action to address the underlying infection.