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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of substance abuse who requests pain medication. What ethical principle should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Nonmaleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ethical principle that should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation is beneficence, which emphasizes the nurse's obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. In this scenario, the nurse must balance the patient's request for pain medication with considerations related to the patient's history of substance abuse. The nurse should prioritize providing effective pain relief for the patient while also considering the potential risks of administering medication to someone with a history of substance abuse. By focusing on beneficence, the nurse can make decisions that promote the well-being and best interests of the patient, taking into account both the immediate need for pain relief and the patient's history of substance abuse.
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Upon interview, the patient reported the she often felt nauseated, restless, perspired a lot, felt fatigued, and was often hungry when she was younger. What do these signs indicate?
- A. Diabetic Nephropathy
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Diabetic retinopathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The signs reported by the patient, such as feeling nauseated, restless, sweating excessively, fatigue, and increased hunger, are indicative of hypoglycemia, which is characterized by low blood sugar levels. In individuals with hypoglycemia, these symptoms can occur when the blood glucose levels drop too low, leading to disturbances in the body's energy supply. This is common in individuals who may have experienced episodes of low blood sugar, especially if they have a history of diabetes or are taking medications that lower blood sugar levels. Diabetic nephropathy, hyperglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy are conditions associated with high blood sugar levels and are not consistent with the symptoms described by the patient.
Incident Reports (IRs) shall be collected for the day and due investigations scheduled by the quality Department. Upon completion of the investigation, the IRS ____.
- A. must be completed and stored on the open cabinet
- B. can be stored on the table top for easy retrieval
- C. must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet
- D. classified by cate so they can be easily accessibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Incident Reports (IRs) must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet for several reasons. Firstly, summarizing the IRs monthly allows for a consolidated overview of the incidents that have occurred, highlighting any recurring patterns or trends that may need to be addressed. By storing the summarized IRs in a secured cabinet, the information is kept confidential and protected from unauthorized access. This practice also ensures that the reports are organized and easily accessible for future reference or audits. Storing the IRs on an open cabinet, table top, or with a classification system that may not be easily understandable can lead to potential breaches of confidentiality or difficulty in retrieving and understanding the information when needed.
The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for terminally-ill spine patients than younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the independent variable?
- A. Degree of treatment received
- B. Age of the patient
- C. Use of inpatient treatment
- D. Type of complications being treated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable in an experiment is the variable that is manipulated or determined by the researcher. In this hypothesis, the nurse is suggesting that the age of the patient (elderly vs. younger) influences the aggressiveness of treatment received. Therefore, the age of the patient is the independent variable in this scenario. The dependent variable would be the degree of treatment received, as it is expected to be influenced by the independent variable, which is the age of the patient.
A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate for the prevention of eclampsia. What maternal assessment finding indicates magnesium toxicity?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Increased deep tendon reflexes
- C. Hypotension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent eclampsia, but it can lead to toxicity if levels become too high. One common sign of magnesium toxicity is increased deep tendon reflexes, also known as hyperreflexia. This occurs because magnesium is a muscle relaxant, and elevated levels can lead to over-relaxation of muscles, causing an exaggerated reflex response. Other signs of magnesium toxicity include respiratory depression, decreased urine output, and cardiac arrest. Therefore, in a woman receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate during labor, an increase in deep tendon reflexes would indicate potential toxicity and require immediate intervention.
A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction should the nurse include in patient education about PPI therapy?
- A. "Take the medication with antacids for enhanced effectiveness."
- B. "Avoid consuming citrus fruits while on PPI therapy."
- C. "Take the medication 30 minutes before meals."
- D. "Report any signs of gastrointestinal bleeding promptly."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be instructed to take the medication 30 minutes before meals. This is because PPIs work best when taken on an empty stomach, allowing them to inhibit the gastric proton pump effectively and reduce acid production in anticipation of food intake. Taking the medication before meals ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness in controlling symptoms of GERD.