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A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a patient and discovers a discrepancy between the medication order and the patient's medication record. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer the medication as ordered to avoid delays
- B. Document the discrepancy and inform the charge nurse
- C. Verify the medication order with the prescriber immediately
- D. Contact the pharmacy for clarification on the medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a nurse discovers a discrepancy between the medication order and the patient's medication record, the priority action is to verify the medication order with the prescriber to ensure accuracy and patient safety. Administering the medication without clarification can put the patient at risk. Documenting the discrepancy and informing the charge nurse is important, but it should not delay verifying the order with the prescriber. Contacting the pharmacy for clarification may be necessary in some cases, but the immediate action should be to confirm the prescription with the prescriber to prevent errors and ensure the patient receives the correct medication.
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The nurse obtains a sample of a client's arterial blood gas (ABGs). Which of the following statements is NOT true about ABGs?
- A. Interpretation of the clients ABGs involves evaluation of pH, PCO2 and HCO3; components of the ABGs.
- B. ABGs assess the client oxygenation status and acid base status.
- C. ABGs provide information on blood parameters.
- D. ABGs asses the client electrolyte and fluid balance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) do not directly assess the client's electrolyte and fluid balance. ABGs primarily evaluate the client's acid-base balance and oxygenation status by measuring levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the arterial blood. While ABGs can provide some information about blood parameters, such as oxygen saturation, they do not comprehensively assess electrolyte levels or fluid balance. To specifically assess electrolytes and fluid balance, additional tests like basic metabolic panels or comprehensive metabolic panels would be required.
What must be stressed to all participants attending a health fair?
- A. A screening program is not a substitute for ongoing health supervision from a health care provider.
- B. All test results are only tentative, and so participants who receive negative test results may nonetheless be suffering from a disease.
- C. Results are true today, but disease can develop any time, so participants should attend any future health fairs as well.
- D. There are many other diseases that may be attacking participants that the health fair did not screen for, and so continued vigilance is necessary.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stressing to all participants attending a health fair that a screening program is not a substitute for ongoing health supervision from a healthcare provider is crucial for several reasons. Health fairs are intended to provide a snapshot of an individual's health at a specific point in time and are not comprehensive assessments. Participants need to understand that these screenings are not a replacement for regular check-ups with their healthcare provider, who can provide continued monitoring, follow-up care, and more in-depth evaluations if necessary. It's important for participants to recognize that the results from a health fair screening are just one piece of their overall health picture and that ongoing care from a healthcare provider is essential for maintaining their well-being.
A patient presents with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and inability to pass urine. On physical examination, there is suprapubic tenderness and a palpable bladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Acute pyelonephritis
- B. Acute urinary retention
- C. Renal colic
- D. Bladder cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inability to pass urine, suprapubic tenderness, and a palpable bladder is classic for acute urinary retention. Acute urinary retention is a urological emergency characterized by the sudden inability to pass urine due to the inability to empty the bladder completely. The palpable bladder on physical examination indicates significant bladder distension. This condition can be caused by multiple factors such as bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic causes, or medications affecting bladder function. Prompt intervention is necessary to relieve the bladder distension, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications like bladder rupture.
Nurse Myrna is taking care of a family chose there young children are sick with malnutrition particularly protein deficiency, which of the following behaviors is indicative of the family's positive coping index
- A. Observing erratic mealtime due to work schedule of parents
- B. Bringing children to health enter for consult only when needed.
- C. Serving foods that children like but with high in carbohydrates
- D. Cooking foods in variety that include meat, dairy products and beans.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cooking foods in a variety that includes meat, dairy products, and beans demonstrates a positive coping index for the family in addressing the protein deficiency and malnutrition in their children. This behavior shows the family's understanding and effort to provide diverse sources of protein, which is essential for addressing protein deficiency. By including different protein-rich foods in their meals, the family is actively working towards improving the nutritional status of their children. This approach aligns with the goal of health education to change knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance individual, family, and community health.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer?
- A. Condyloma acuminatum
- B. Lichen sclerosus
- C. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
- D. Trichomoniasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant condition of the cervix that is characterized by the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. HPV infection is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. CIN is typically detected on routine cervical screening tests such as Pap smears or HPV testing. If left untreated, CIN can progress to invasive cervical cancer. Therefore, the presence of high-risk HPV types in CIN lesions indicates an increased risk of developing cervical cancer.