Nokea
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is experiencing diabetic neuropathy. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Encouraging regular foot inspections.
- B. Providing additional protein to the diet.
- C. Encouraging weight loss to reduce joint stress.
- D. Administering pain medication for relief.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encouraging regular foot inspections. This is the priority intervention because diabetic neuropathy can lead to decreased sensation in the feet, increasing the risk of injury or infection. Regular foot inspections can help detect any issues early and prevent complications.
Incorrect choices:
B: Providing additional protein to the diet - While nutrition is important for overall health, providing additional protein does not directly address the specific issue of diabetic neuropathy.
C: Encouraging weight loss to reduce joint stress - Weight loss may be beneficial for overall health, but it is not the priority intervention for diabetic neuropathy.
D: Administering pain medication for relief - Pain management is important, but addressing the root cause through regular foot inspections is more essential in preventing further complications.
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Which statement is correct regarding the development of one's culture?
- A. Culture is genetically determined on the basis of racial background.
- B. Culture is rooted in several distinctive and specific social elements.
- C. Culture is a nonspecific phenomenon and is adaptive, but unnecessary.
- D. Culture is biologically determined on the basis of physical characteristics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because culture is indeed rooted in specific social elements such as language, customs, traditions, beliefs, and values. These elements are passed down through generations within a particular society or group. Choice A is incorrect because culture is not genetically determined, but rather learned and acquired through socialization. Choice C is incorrect as culture plays a crucial role in shaping identities, behaviors, and interactions within a society. Choice D is incorrect as culture is not biologically determined, but rather socially constructed.
A First Nations woman has come to the clinic for diabetes follow-up teaching. During the interview, the nurse notices that the patient never makes eye contact and speaks mostly looking down at the floor. Which of the following statements about this situation is true?
- A. She is nervous and embarrassed.
- B. She has something to hide and is ashamed.
- C. She is showing inconsistent verbal and nonverbal behaviours.
- D. She is showing that she is listening carefully to what the nurse is saying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient's behavior of not making eye contact and looking down can be a sign of active listening and respect in some cultures, including many First Nations cultures. This behavior may indicate that the patient is focusing on what the nurse is saying and showing attentiveness. Making eye contact may be considered disrespectful or challenging in some cultures, so the lack of eye contact does not necessarily mean the patient has something to hide, is ashamed, or is nervous. Choice A assumes the patient is nervous or embarrassed without evidence. Choice B is an assumption without any basis, and choice C does not consider cultural differences in communication styles.
The inspection phase of the physical assessment:
- A. Yields little information
- B. Takes time and reveals a surprising amount of information
- C. Requires a quick glance at the patient's body systems
- D. May be somewhat uncomfortable for the expert practitioner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the inspection phase of a physical assessment involves visually examining the patient's body, which can reveal a surprising amount of information. This step is crucial in identifying visible abnormalities, such as skin discoloration, swelling, or asymmetry. It helps in assessing the patient's overall appearance, posture, and body movements. This detailed observation can provide valuable insights into the patient's health status and aid in making an accurate diagnosis.
Choice A is incorrect because the inspection phase actually provides significant information. Choice C is incorrect as it downplays the importance of thorough observation. Choice D is incorrect because the discomfort level for the expert practitioner is not a defining factor in the inspection phase.
The nurse is conducting an interview with a woman who has recently learned that she is pregnant and has come to the clinic to begin prenatal care. The woman states that she and her husband are excited about the pregnancy but have a few questions. She looks nervously at her hands during the interview and sighs audibly. Which of the following statements does the nurse know is most accurate, considering the concept of communication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the woman's nonverbal cues (looking nervously at her hands, sighing audibly) indicate potential anxiety or stress. The nurse should acknowledge these cues and explore her feelings further to provide appropriate support. Option A is incorrect as it does not address the woman's nonverbal cues. Option C is incorrect as it assumes the woman is not genuinely excited about the pregnancy. Option D is incorrect as it overlooks the woman's nonverbal cues and does not address her potential emotional needs.
When examining a patient, the nurse can assess mental health by:
- A. Examining the patient's electroencephalogram.
- B. Observing the patient as he or she performs an IQ test.
- C. Observing the patient and inferring health or dysfunction.
- D. Examining the patient's response to a specific set of questions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because observing the patient and inferring health or dysfunction allows the nurse to assess mental health holistically. This method considers various factors such as behavior, emotions, communication, and overall functioning. It provides a comprehensive view of the patient's mental well-being.
A: Examining the patient's electroencephalogram is more related to brain activity rather than mental health assessment.
B: Observing the patient as he or she performs an IQ test is limited to cognitive abilities and does not capture the full spectrum of mental health.
D: Examining the patient's response to a specific set of questions may not provide a complete picture of mental health as it focuses on specific aspects rather than overall assessment.