foundation of nursing questions

foundation of nursing questions Related

Review foundation of nursing questions related questions and content

A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old patient whois embarrassed about urinating in bed at night. Which intervention should the nurse suggest to reduce the frequency of this occurrence?

  • A. “Set your alarm clock to wake you every 2 hours, so you can get up to void.”
  • B. “Line your bedding with plastic sheets to protect your mattress.”
  • C. “Drink your nightly glass of milk earlier in the evening.”
  • D. “Empty your bladder completely before going to bed.”
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: “Drink your nightly glass of milk earlier in the evening.” By suggesting the patient to drink milk earlier, it allows more time for the body to process and excrete the fluids before bedtime, reducing the likelihood of bedwetting. This intervention targets the root cause of the issue by addressing the timing of fluid intake.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: “Set your alarm clock to wake you every 2 hours, so you can get up to void.” This intervention disrupts the patient's sleep pattern and may not address the underlying cause of bedwetting.
B: “Line your bedding with plastic sheets to protect your mattress.” This intervention focuses on managing the consequences of bedwetting rather than preventing it.
D: “Empty your bladder completely before going to bed.” While important, this suggestion alone may not be sufficient to address the timing of fluid intake, which is crucial in reducing bedwetting frequency.

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The nurse is teaching a health class about thegastrointestinal tract. The nurse will explain that which portion of the digestive tract absorbs most of the nutrients?

  • A. Ileum
  • B. Cecum
  • C. Stomach
  • D. Duodenum
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. It receives partially digested food from the stomach and mixes it with bile and pancreatic enzymes to break down nutrients. The villi in the duodenum increase the surface area for absorption. The other choices (A: Ileum, B: Cecum, C: Stomach) are incorrect because the ileum and cecum are parts of the small intestine where some absorption occurs but not as much as in the duodenum. The stomach primarily digests food and does not absorb many nutrients.

How will the nurse classify this finding?

  • A. Normal weight
  • B. Underweight
  • C. Overweight
  • D. Obese
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Obese. This classification is based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation, which takes into account weight and height. A BMI above 30 is considered obese, indicating excess body fat. Other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the BMI criteria for obesity. Choice A is incorrect as normal weight falls within a specific BMI range. Choice B is incorrect for individuals with a BMI below the normal range. Choice C is incorrect for individuals with a BMI between the overweight and obese categories.

A nurse is using core measures to reduce healthdisparities. Which group should the nurse focus on to cause themost improvement in core measures?

  • A. Caucasians
  • B. Poor people
  • C. Alaska Natives
  • D. American Indians
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Poor people. Focusing on poor people is likely to cause the most improvement in core measures because individuals living in poverty often face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare and have higher rates of chronic conditions. By targeting this group, the nurse can address social determinants of health, improve healthcare access, and address disparities in healthcare outcomes. Other choices (A, C, D) are not as impactful as poverty is a significant factor influencing health disparities.

An adult oncology patient has a diagnosis of bladder cancer with metastasis and the patient has asked the nurse about the possibility of hospice care. Which principle is central to a hospice setting?

  • A. The patient and family should be viewed as a single unit of care.
  • B. Persistent symptoms of terminal illness should not be treated.
  • C. Each member of the interdisciplinary team should develop an individual plan of care.
  • D. Terminally ill patients should die in the hospital whenever possible.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient and family should be viewed as a single unit of care. In hospice care, the focus is on providing holistic care not only to the patient but also to their family members. This approach recognizes that the patient's well-being is interconnected with that of their loved ones. By viewing the patient and family as a single unit of care, hospice providers can address not just the physical symptoms but also the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of both the patient and their family. This principle emphasizes the importance of supporting the patient and their family through the end-of-life journey.

Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect as hospice care aims to manage symptoms effectively to improve quality of life.
- Choice C is incorrect as hospice care typically involves a collaborative interdisciplinary team working towards common goals.
- Choice D is incorrect as hospice care often prioritizes providing end-of-life care in a comfortable setting preferred by the patient.

A nurse is planning preoperative teaching for a patient with hearing loss due to otosclerosis. The patient is scheduled for a stapedectomy with insertion of a prosthesis. What information is most crucial to include in the patients preoperative teaching?

  • A. The procedure is an effective, time-tested treatment for sensory hearing loss.
  • B. The patient is likely to experience resolution of conductive hearing loss after the procedure.
  • C. Several months of post-procedure rehabilitation will be needed to maximize benefits.
  • D. The procedure is experimental, but early indications suggest great therapeutic benefits.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient is likely to experience resolution of conductive hearing loss after the procedure. This information is crucial to include in the preoperative teaching because it directly addresses the patient's expected outcome, providing reassurance and setting appropriate expectations. Stapedectomy with prosthesis insertion is a well-established treatment for otosclerosis-related conductive hearing loss. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they either provide misleading information (A, D) or are not directly relevant to the procedure or the patient's immediate postoperative experience (C). It is important to focus on accurate and relevant information to prepare the patient effectively for the upcoming surgery and its expected outcomes.

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