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A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old patient whois embarrassed about urinating in bed at night. Which intervention should the nurse suggest to reduce the frequency of this occurrence?
- A. “Set your alarm clock to wake you every 2 hours, so you can get up to void.”
- B. “Line your bedding with plastic sheets to protect your mattress.”
- C. “Drink your nightly glass of milk earlier in the evening.”
- D. “Empty your bladder completely before going to bed.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: “Drink your nightly glass of milk earlier in the evening.” By suggesting the patient to drink milk earlier, it allows more time for the body to process and excrete the fluids before bedtime, reducing the likelihood of bedwetting. This intervention targets the root cause of the issue by addressing the timing of fluid intake.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: “Set your alarm clock to wake you every 2 hours, so you can get up to void.” This intervention disrupts the patient's sleep pattern and may not address the underlying cause of bedwetting.
B: “Line your bedding with plastic sheets to protect your mattress.” This intervention focuses on managing the consequences of bedwetting rather than preventing it.
D: “Empty your bladder completely before going to bed.” While important, this suggestion alone may not be sufficient to address the timing of fluid intake, which is crucial in reducing bedwetting frequency.
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The nurse is reviewing the instructions given to a patient at 24 weeks’ gestation for a glucose challenge test (GCT). The nurse determines that the patient understands the teaching when she makes which statement?
- A. “I have to fast the night before the test.”
- B. “I will drink a sugary solution containing 100 g of glucose.”
- C. “I will have blood drawn at 1 hour after I drink the glucose solution.”
- D. “I should keep track of my baby’s movements between now and the test.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: “I will have blood drawn at 1 hour after I drink the glucose solution.” This statement demonstrates understanding of the GCT procedure. The glucose challenge test involves drinking a sugary solution, followed by blood drawn 1 hour later to measure blood glucose levels. This timing is crucial for assessing the body's ability to metabolize glucose, which helps in diagnosing gestational diabetes.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: “I have to fast the night before the test.” - This is incorrect as fasting is not required for the GCT.
B: “I will drink a sugary solution containing 100 g of glucose.” - This is incorrect as the GCT typically involves drinking a solution with a standardized amount of glucose, usually 50 g, not 100 g.
D: “I should keep track of my baby’s movements between now and the test.” - This is unrelated to the GCT procedure and does not demonstrate understanding of the
A 30-year-old patient has come to the clinic for her yearly examination. The patient asks the nurse about ovarian cancer. What should the nurse state when describing risk factors for ovarian cancer?
- A. Use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
- B. Most cases of ovarian cancer are attributed to tobacco use.
- C. Most cases of ovarian cancer are considered to be random, with no obvious causation.
- D. The majority of women who get ovarian cancer have a family history of the disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse should inform the patient that most cases of ovarian cancer are considered to be random, with no obvious causation. This is the correct answer because the exact cause of ovarian cancer is not well understood, and the majority of cases are not linked to specific risk factors.
Step 2: Choice A is incorrect because the use of oral contraceptives actually decreases the risk of ovarian cancer.
Step 3: Choice B is incorrect because tobacco use is not a major risk factor for ovarian cancer. It is primarily associated with lung and other types of cancer.
Step 4: Choice D is incorrect because while a family history of ovarian cancer can increase the risk, the majority of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer do not have a family history of the disease.
The nurse is discharging a patient home after mastoid surgery. What should the nurse include in discharge teaching?
- A. Try to induce a sneeze every 4 hours to equalize pressure.
- B. Be sure to exercise to reduce fatigue.
- C. Avoid sleeping in a side-lying position.
- D. Dont blow your nose for 2 to 3 weeks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Don't blow your nose for 2 to 3 weeks." After mastoid surgery, blowing the nose can increase pressure in the surgical area and disrupt healing. Here's the rationale:
1. Blowing the nose can increase pressure in the surgical area and lead to complications.
2. Avoiding blowing the nose helps prevent infection and reduces the risk of damaging the surgical site.
3. It is essential to follow this instruction to promote proper healing and reduce the chances of postoperative complications.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because inducing a sneeze, exercising, and avoiding side-lying position do not directly relate to the specific care needs after mastoid surgery.
A nurse who provides care on an acute medical unit has observed that physicians are frequently reluctant to refer patients to hospice care. What are contributing factors that are known to underlie this tendency? Select all that apply.
- A. Financial pressures on health care providers
- B. Patient reluctance to accept this type of care
- C. Strong association of hospice care with prolonging death
- D. Advances in curative treatment in late-stage illness E) Ease of making a terminal diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Financial pressures on health care providers. Physicians may be reluctant to refer patients to hospice care due to financial pressures. This could be because hospice care may be seen as less profitable compared to other treatments or services. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Patient reluctance is not a contributing factor from the physician's perspective. C: Hospice care is actually focused on comfort and quality of life, not prolonging death. D: Advances in curative treatment may not be directly related to physician reluctance to refer to hospice. E: Ease of making a terminal diagnosis is not a significant factor influencing physician reluctance.
The clinic nurse is performing a prenatal assessment on a pregnant patient at risk for preeclampsia. Which clinical sign would not present as a symptom of preeclampsia?
- A. Edema
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Glucosuria
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Glucosuria. Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Glucosuria is not a typical symptom of preeclampsia. Glucosuria is more commonly associated with gestational diabetes, which is a separate condition from preeclampsia. Therefore, in a pregnant patient at risk for preeclampsia, the presence of glucosuria would not be indicative of preeclampsia. The other choices, edema, proteinuria, and hypertension, are all common clinical signs seen in patients with preeclampsia.