Nokea
A nurse is caring for an adolescent with inadequate weight gain.
- A. "Identify food preferences high in complex carbohydrates."'
- B. "Identify food preferences high in saturated and unsaturated fats."'
- C. "Identify food preferences high in calcium and protein."'
- D. "Identify food preferences high in calories."'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Identify food preferences high in calcium and protein." Inadequate weight gain in adolescents can be due to lack of essential nutrients like calcium and protein for growth and development. Calcium is crucial for bone health, while protein is essential for muscle development. Both are important for overall growth. Choices A and D focus on carbohydrates and calories, which are important but not the primary nutrients needed for weight gain in this scenario. Choice B suggests high intake of saturated and unsaturated fats, which can be detrimental to overall health if consumed in excess. Therefore, identifying food preferences high in calcium and protein is the most appropriate choice to address inadequate weight gain in the adolescent.
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A woman in the transition stage of labor is using paced breathing to relieve pain. She complains of blurred vision, numbness, and tingling of her hands and mouth. Which condition is indicated by these signs and symptoms?
- A. Anoxia
- B. Hyperventilation
- C. Anxiety
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperventilation. The symptoms of blurred vision, numbness, and tingling in the hands and mouth are indicative of hyperventilation. During paced breathing, if the woman breathes too quickly or deeply, it can lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causing these symptoms. To address this, the woman should be guided to slow down her breathing and breathe into a paper bag to rebreathe some carbon dioxide. Anoxia (A) is a severe lack of oxygen, which would present with different symptoms. Anxiety (C) may cause similar symptoms but is not the primary issue here. Hypertension (D) does not typically lead to these specific symptoms.
A nurse is caring for an infant with hypospadias. Which of the following is an expected finding?
- A. The meatal opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis.
- B. The urethral opening is on the underside of the penis.
- C. Fluid is present in the scrotal sac containing the testes.
- D. The testes are not palpable within the scrotal sac.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypospadias involves the urethral opening being located on the underside of the penis.
A nurse in the clinic instructs a primigravida about the danger signs of pregnancy. The client demonstrates understanding of the instructions, stating she will notify the physician if which sign occurs?
- A. White vaginal discharge
- B. Dull backache
- C. Frequent,urgent urination
- D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is a significant danger sign in pregnancy that could indicate various complications such as ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, or preterm labor. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby. White vaginal discharge (A) is not necessarily a danger sign unless it is accompanied by other symptoms like itching or a foul smell. Dull backache (B) is common in pregnancy and usually not a cause for concern unless severe or accompanied by other symptoms. Frequent, urgent urination (C) is a common symptom in pregnancy due to increased pressure on the bladder and is not typically a danger sign unless associated with pain or burning.
A nurse is talking to the parents of a 3-year-old child about water safety precautions. Which of the following statements made by the parents indicates a need for clarification?
- A. We keep the toilet seat down at all times.
- B. We don't answer the phone during bath time.
- C. We empty all buckets filled with water.
- D. We have our child in swimming lessons.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because enrolling a 3-year-old child in swimming lessons does not necessarily prevent drowning incidents. It is crucial for parents to understand that even with swimming lessons, active supervision around water is essential to prevent accidents. Keeping the toilet seat down (A), avoiding distractions during bath time (B), and emptying buckets filled with water (C) are all important water safety precautions to prevent drowning incidents. Swimming lessons are beneficial, but they should not replace vigilant supervision.
Which fetal structure is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?
- A. Ductus arteriosus
- B. Umbilical artery
- C. Portal vein
- D. Umbilical vein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Umbilical vein. The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. This is because the placenta acts as the organ of gas exchange during fetal development. Oxygenated blood from the mother is transferred to the fetus through the umbilical vein. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs. B) Umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. C) Portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver, not from the placenta to the fetus.