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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor and report to the provider?
- A. Bruising
- B. Tremor
- C. Constipation
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tremor. Lithium carbonate is commonly associated with causing tremors as a side effect. The nurse should monitor and report any tremors in the client taking lithium as it could indicate lithium toxicity. Bruising (A), constipation (C), and hypoglycemia (D) are not typically associated with lithium carbonate use in treating bipolar disorder.
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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for benazepril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Make sure to change positions slowly.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice with this medication.
- C. Discontinue this medication if you develop a cough.
- D. Use salt substitutes for cooking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Make sure to change positions slowly. Benazepril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting when changing positions quickly. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect. Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with benazepril. Choice C is incorrect as a cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors, and discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider is not recommended. Choice D is incorrect because using salt substitutes can lead to high potassium levels when taking benazepril.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Hepatic enzymes process medications more rapidly.
- B. Gastric emptying rate increases.
- C. Brain receptors become less sensitive to medications.
- D. Renal excretion time slows for medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. This results in a slower excretion of medications from the body, leading to potential accumulation and increased risk of toxicity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as hepatic enzymes may actually decrease in function with age, gastric emptying rate tends to slow down, and brain receptors can become more sensitive rather than less sensitive to medications in older adults.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who will be self-administering enoxaparin subcutaneously using prefilled syringes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use my upper arms for injections.
- B. I will massage the site after injecting the medication.
- C. I will expel the air bubble from the syringe before injecting the medication.
- D. I will pinch up the skin before injecting the medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D. "I will pinch up the skin before injecting the medication."
Rationale: Pinching up the skin before injecting enoxaparin helps ensure proper subcutaneous injection technique, reducing the risk of injecting into muscle or causing discomfort. Pinching up the skin creates a subcutaneous tissue fold, providing a proper injection site and allowing for the medication to be delivered effectively. This step also minimizes the risk of bruising and ensures the medication is absorbed appropriately.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect - Using upper arms for injections is not recommended for subcutaneous injections like enoxaparin.
B: Incorrect - Massaging the site after injecting can disrupt the medication's absorption and is not recommended.
C: Incorrect - Expelling air bubbles is important for intramuscular injections but not necessary for subcutaneous injections like enoxaparin.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
- A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- B. Thyroxine
- C. Serum potassium
- D. Serum aspartate aminotransferase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium depletion, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (A) is not relevant for assessing furosemide therapy. Thyroxine (B) is a thyroid hormone and not directly affected by furosemide. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (D) is a liver enzyme and not specifically impacted by furosemide administration.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking epoetin alfa for 3 months. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
- A. Hgb
- B. Troponin
- C. Thyroxine (T4)
- D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hgb. Epoetin alfa is a medication used to treat anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. Monitoring the client's hemoglobin (Hgb) levels is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication in increasing red blood cell count. Hemoglobin reflects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and directly correlates with red blood cell levels. Troponin (B), Thyroxine (T4) (C), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (D) are not relevant in monitoring the effectiveness of epoetin alfa therapy as they are related to cardiac function, thyroid function, and liver function, respectively.