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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking sumatriptan. Which of the following reports indicates a therapeutic response to the medication?
- A. Increased bone mass
- B. Relief of chest pain
- C. Improved mood
- D. Absence of headache
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absence of headache. Sumatriptan is a medication used to treat migraines by constricting blood vessels in the brain. A therapeutic response to sumatriptan would be the absence of a headache, as the medication is intended to relieve migraine symptoms. Increased bone mass (A), relief of chest pain (B), and improved mood (C) are not expected therapeutic responses to sumatriptan. These symptoms are not typically associated with the mechanism of action or indications for sumatriptan use. Therefore, the absence of a headache is the most appropriate indicator of a therapeutic response to sumatriptan in this scenario.
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A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the laboratory findings of client who has been taking gemfibrozil for 3 months. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased serum creatinine
- B. Reduced serum calcium
- C. Increased Hgb
- D. Reduced triglycerides
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduced triglycerides. Gemfibrozil is a lipid-lowering medication that works by decreasing triglyceride levels. The nurse should expect a reduction in triglycerides as a therapeutic effect of the medication. Option A (Increased serum creatinine) is incorrect as gemfibrozil typically does not affect creatinine levels. Option B (Reduced serum calcium) is incorrect as gemfibrozil does not impact calcium levels. Option C (Increased Hgb) is incorrect as gemfibrozil does not directly affect hemoglobin levels. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a decrease in triglyceride levels as the expected finding in a client taking gemfibrozil.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking epoetin alfa for 3 months. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
- A. Hgb
- B. Troponin
- C. Thyroxine (T4)
- D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hgb. Epoetin alfa is a medication used to treat anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. Monitoring the client's hemoglobin (Hgb) levels is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication in increasing red blood cell count. Hemoglobin reflects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and directly correlates with red blood cell levels. Troponin (B), Thyroxine (T4) (C), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (D) are not relevant in monitoring the effectiveness of epoetin alfa therapy as they are related to cardiac function, thyroid function, and liver function, respectively.
A nurse is caring for a client who had abdominal surgery. The client is grimacing and has a respiratory rate of 24/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Check the client's current level of pain.
- B. Play music in the client's room as a distraction.
- C. Assist the client to reposition in bed.
- D. Offer the client a cold compress.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, checking the client's current level of pain. This is the priority because the client is grimacing, indicating discomfort. Assessing the pain level is crucial in determining the appropriate intervention. It helps in providing timely pain relief and ensuring the client's well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the immediate need of assessing and managing the client's pain. Playing music, repositioning the client, or offering a cold compress may be helpful interventions, but they should come after evaluating the client's pain level.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for exenatide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Contact the provider if you experience unexplained muscle pain.
- B. Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Discard excess medication after 60 days.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen. Exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and is administered by subcutaneous injection. Injecting it into the abdomen allows for better absorption. It is important for the nurse to instruct the client on the correct administration technique to ensure the medication is effective.
Incorrect choices:
A: Contact the provider if you experience unexplained muscle pain - Although monitoring for side effects is important, muscle pain is not a common side effect of exenatide.
C: Take the medication at bedtime - Exenatide is typically taken before meals, not at bedtime.
D: Discard excess medication after 60 days - Exenatide must be refrigerated and has a shorter shelf life once opened, typically 30 days, not 60.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is to start using a scopolamine patch for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Which of the following findings is a contraindication for the client to receive the medication?
- A. Ménière's disease
- B. Increased lacrimation
- C. Narrow-angle glaucoma
- D. Urinary frequency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Narrow-angle glaucoma. Scopolamine can cause pupillary dilation, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure, which can worsen narrow-angle glaucoma. This can potentially result in a sudden increase in pressure within the eye, leading to severe pain, vision changes, and even blindness. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid giving scopolamine to clients with narrow-angle glaucoma to prevent these serious complications.
Choice A: Ménière's disease is not a contraindication for scopolamine patch use.
Choice B: Increased lacrimation is not a contraindication for scopolamine patch use.
Choice D: Urinary frequency is not a contraindication for scopolamine patch use.