Nokea
A nurse is conducting a class for adolescent girls about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Why should the nurse emphasize the importance of preventing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
- A. PID can be sexually transmitted.
- B. PID cannot be treated.
- C. PID can have devastating effects on the reproductive tract.
- D. PID can cause serious defects in future children of affected adolescents.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should emphasize the importance of preventing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) because it can have devastating effects on the reproductive tract. PID is often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and can lead to inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues. If left untreated, PID can result in serious complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, preventing PID through safe sexual practices and seeking prompt treatment for any signs of infection is crucial to protect the reproductive health of adolescent girls.
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Which of the ff. positions is best for a chest drainage system when the patient is being transported by wheelchair?
- A. Hang it on the top of the wheelchair backrest.
- B. Place it on the patient's feet and ask the patient to hold it.
- C. Hang it on the same pole as the patient's IV.
- D. Place it in the patient's lap.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best position for a chest drainage system when the patient is being transported by wheelchair is to hang it on the top of the wheelchair backrest (Option A). This ensures that the chest drainage system remains upright and secure during transportation. Placing it on the patient's feet and asking the patient to hold it (Option B) is not ideal as it can cause discomfort and potentially compromise the drainage system. Hanging it on the same pole as the patient's IV (Option C) may lead to entanglement and interference with the IV line. Placing it in the patient's lap (Option D) is also not recommended as it can be cumbersome and may lead to accidental dislodgement of the chest drainage system. Therefore, hanging it on the top of the wheelchair backrest provides stability and ease of transport for the patient.
Dustin who was diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease has a fever and watery explosive diarrhea. Which of the following would Nurse Joyce do first?
- A. Administer an antidiarrheal.
- B. Notify the physician immediately.
- C. Monitor the child every 30 minutes.
- D. Nothing. (These findings are common in Hirschsprung's disease.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with Hirschsprung's disease presenting with fever and watery explosive diarrhea, these symptoms could indicate enterocolitis, which is a serious complication of the disease. Enterocolitis is characterized by inflammation of the intestines and can lead to significant complications if not promptly addressed. Therefore, the priority action for Nurse Joyce would be to immediately notify the physician so that appropriate interventions can be initiated promptly to manage the child's condition. Administering an antidiarrheal or monitoring the child would not be appropriate initial actions given the seriousness of the symptoms described.Ignoring these symptoms and doing nothing is also not advisable as prompt medical attention is necessary in this situation.
The age by which the child can pull to stand, starting to pincer grasp, and plays pat-a-cake is
- A. 6 mo
- B. 7 mo
- C. 8 mo
- D. 9 mo
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These milestones are typically achieved around 9 months of age.
A 5-year old girl presents to ER with fever, convulsions and unconsciousness of one day duration. On examination she is pale, Glasgow coma scale is 8 and there are no signs of meningial irritation and no focal neurological signs. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Viral encephalitis
- B. Pyomeningitis
- C. Tuberculous meningitis
- D. Cerebral malaria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cerebral malaria can cause fever, seizures, altered consciousness, and normal cerebrospinal fluid findings without focal neurological signs.
A complete blood count is commonly performed before a client goes into surgery. What does this test seek to identify?
- A. Potential hepatic dysfunction indicated by decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
- B. Low levels of urine constituents normally excreted in the urine
- C. Abnormally low hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels
- D. Electrolyte imbalance that could affect the blood's ability to coagulate properly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that provides important information about the types and numbers of cells in the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The primary purpose of performing a CBC before surgery is to identify any abnormalities in the blood that could affect the patient's ability to undergo the surgical procedure safely. Abnormally low hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels indicated by a CBC may suggest anemia, which could impact the patient's ability to tolerate surgery and anesthesia. Anemia can result in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, leading to potential complications during surgery. Therefore, identifying low HCT and Hb levels through a CBC allows healthcare providers to take appropriate measures to address and manage the condition before proceeding with surgery.