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A nurse is conducting a class on how to self-manage insulin regimens. A patient asks how long a vial of insulin can be stored at room temperature before it goes bad. What would be the nurses best answer?
- A. If you are going to use up the vial within 1 month it can be kept at room temperature.
- B. If a vial of insulin will be used up within 21 days, it may be kept at room temperature.
- C. If a vial of insulin will be used up within 2 weeks, it may be kept at room temperature.
- D. If a vial of insulin will be used up within 1 week, it may be kept at room temperature.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a vial of insulin will be used up within 1 month, it may be kept at room temperature.
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An occupational health nurse is screening a group of workers for diabetes. What statement should the nurse interpret as suggestive of diabetes?
- A. Ive always been a fan of sweet foods, but lately Im turned off by them.
- B. Lately, I drink and drink and cant seem to quench my thirst.
- C. No matter how much sleep I get, it seems to take me hours to wake up.
- D. When I went to the washroom the last few days, my urine smelled odd.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Classic clinical manifestations of diabetes include the three Ps: polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Lack of interest in sweet foods, fatigue, and foul-smelling urine are not suggestive of diabetes.
A diabetic patient calls the clinic complaining of having a flu bug. The nurse tells him to take his regular dose of insulin. What else should the nurse tell the patient?
- A. Make sure to stick to your normal diet.
- B. Try to eat small amounts of carbs, if possible.
- C. Ensure that you check your blood glucose every hour.
- D. For now, check your urine for ketones every 8 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For prevention of DKA related to illness, the patient should attempt to consume frequent small portions of carbohydrates (including foods usually avoided, such as juices, regular sodas, and gelatin). Drinking fluids every hour is important to prevent dehydration. Blood glucose and urine ketones must be assessed every 3 to 4 hours.
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is seeing the nurse to review foot care. What would be a priority instruction for the nurse to give the patient?
- A. Examine feet weekly for redness, blisters, and abrasions.
- B. Avoid the use of moisturizing lotions.
- C. Avoid hot-water bottles and heating pads.
- D. Dry feet vigorously after each bath.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-risk behaviors, such as walking barefoot, using heating pads on the feet, wearing open-toed shoes, soaking the feet, and shaving calluses, should be avoided. Socks should be worn for warmth. Feet should be examined each day for cuts, blisters, swelling, redness, tenderness, and abrasions. Lotion should be applied to dry feet but never between the toes. After a bath, the patient should gently, not vigorously, pat feet dry to avoid injury.
A 15-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of hyperglycemia and is subsequently diagnosed with diabetes. Based on the fact that the childs pancreatic beta cells are being destroyed, the patient would be diagnosed with what type of diabetes?
- A. Type 1 diabetes
- B. Type 2 diabetes
- C. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes
- D. Prediabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta cell destruction is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes is synonymous with type 2 diabetes, which involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but not beta cell destruction. Prediabetes is characterized by normal glucose metabolism, but a previous history of hyperglycemia, often during illness or pregnancy.
A diabetes nurse educator is presenting the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for levels of caloric intake. What do the ADAs recommendations include?
- A. 10% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% from fat, and the remaining 40% from protein
- B. 10% to 20% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 50% to 60% from protein
- C. 20% to 30% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% to 60% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein
- D. 50% to 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Currently, the ADA and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly the American Dietetic Association) recommend that for all levels of caloric intake, 50% to 60% of calories come from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein.