Nokea
The nurse is discussing macrovascular complications of diabetes with a patient. The nurse would address what topic during this dialogue?
- A. The need for frequent eye examinations for patients with diabetes
- B. The fact that patients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction
- C. The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels
- D. The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myocardial infarction and stroke are considered macrovascular complications of diabetes, while the effects on vision and renal function are considered to be microvascular.
You may also like to solve these questions
A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has a history of poor glycemic control. The nurse recognizes the need to assess the patient for signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy constitutes a risk for what nursing diagnosis?
- A. Infection
- B. Acute pain
- C. Acute confusion
- D. Impaired urinary elimination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased sensations of pain and temperature place patients with neuropathy at increased risk for injury and undetected foot infections. The neurologic changes associated with peripheral neuropathy do not normally result in pain, confusion, or impairments in urinary function.
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is seeing the nurse to review foot care. What would be a priority instruction for the nurse to give the patient?
- A. Examine feet weekly for redness, blisters, and abrasions.
- B. Avoid the use of moisturizing lotions.
- C. Avoid hot-water bottles and heating pads.
- D. Dry feet vigorously after each bath.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-risk behaviors, such as walking barefoot, using heating pads on the feet, wearing open-toed shoes, soaking the feet, and shaving calluses, should be avoided. Socks should be worn for warmth. Feet should be examined each day for cuts, blisters, swelling, redness, tenderness, and abrasions. Lotion should be applied to dry feet but never between the toes. After a bath, the patient should gently, not vigorously, pat feet dry to avoid injury.
A diabetes nurse educator is presenting the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for levels of caloric intake. What do the ADAs recommendations include?
- A. 10% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% from fat, and the remaining 40% from protein
- B. 10% to 20% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 50% to 60% from protein
- C. 20% to 30% of calories from carbohydrates, 50% to 60% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein
- D. 50% to 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Currently, the ADA and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly the American Dietetic Association) recommend that for all levels of caloric intake, 50% to 60% of calories come from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein.
A 15-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of hyperglycemia and is subsequently diagnosed with diabetes. Based on the fact that the childs pancreatic beta cells are being destroyed, the patient would be diagnosed with what type of diabetes?
- A. Type 1 diabetes
- B. Type 2 diabetes
- C. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes
- D. Prediabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta cell destruction is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes is synonymous with type 2 diabetes, which involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but not beta cell destruction. Prediabetes is characterized by normal glucose metabolism, but a previous history of hyperglycemia, often during illness or pregnancy.
A nurse is teaching basic survival skills to a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What topic should the nurse address?
- A. Signs and symptoms of diabetic nephropathy
- B. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis
- C. Effects of surgery and pregnancy on blood sugar levels
- D. Recognition of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is imperative that newly diagnosed patients know the signs and symptoms and management of hypoand hyperglycemia. The other listed topics are valid points for education, but are not components of the patients immediate survival skills following a new diagnosis.