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A nurse is educating a group of community members about how hypertension screening is effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular disease, thus reducing the expenses that are spent on management of this disease. Which of the following ratios is being described?
- A. Cost-disease analysis
- B. Cost-efficiency analysis
- C. Cost-benefit ratio analysis
- D. Cost-effectiveness analysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cost-benefit analysis compares the costs of a screening program to the benefits in terms of reduced long-term healthcare costs.
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A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
- A. Advocate
- B. Care manager
- C. Consultant
- D. Educator
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A consultant offers expert advice on a specific area, such as designing an educational program for diabetics.
Smallpox Rash
- A. Rash looks like chickenpox rash
- B. Smallpox vaccine causes acute renal failure
- C. Last case of smallpox occurred in 1997
- D. Rash most prominent on face and extremities
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smallpox rash is most prominent on the face and extremities and is distinctive from chickenpox.
A nurse believes that it is his responsibility to ensure the safety of the public by administering flu shots to everyone in the community. Which ethical theory is being used by the nurse?
- A. Descriptive value theory
- B. Normative theory
- C. Consequentialism theory
- D. Duty-based theory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Consequentialism focuses on actions that aim to produce the greatest benefit for society as a whole.
A nurse is assessing how a family will transition and adapt after their youngest child leaves for college. By using this framework, which of the following perspectives is the nurse implementing?
- A. Risk-factor
- B. Structural-functional
- C. Open systems
- D. Developmental
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is the developmental perspective, where the nurse assesses the family’s ability to adapt during life cycle transitions, like a child leaving for college.
A nurse is interviewing members of a substance abuse unit at a local Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. Which of the following parts of a community is the nurse assessing?
- A. Structure of a community
- B. Subsystem of a community
- C. Supra system of a community
- D. Interaction of a community
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The substance abuse unit is a subsystem within the larger community (the VA hospital and its network).