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A nurse is educating a patient about the risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which factors should the nurse include in the education? Which factors should the nurse include for osteoarthritis risk?
- A. Bacteria
- B. Diuretics
- C. Aging
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The correct answers are C: Aging and D: Obesity. Aging is a well-established risk factor for osteoarthritis as wear and tear on the joints accumulates over time. Obesity increases stress on weight-bearing joints, leading to accelerated joint degeneration. Bacteria (A) and diuretics (B) are not directly linked to osteoarthritis development.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation following a transurethral resection of the prostate. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Which finding should the nurse report during bladder irrigation?
- A. Urine output of 200 mL/hr
- B. Pink-tinged urine
- C. Clots in the drainage bag
- D. Bladder spasms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clots in the drainage bag. This finding should be reported to the provider because it may indicate bleeding or clot formation, which can obstruct the catheter and impair the irrigation process. Clots can also increase the risk of urinary retention or infection. Reporting this finding promptly allows the provider to assess the patient's condition and take appropriate interventions to prevent complications.
Incorrect choices:
A: Urine output of 200 mL/hr is within the expected range for continuous bladder irrigation and does not necessarily indicate a problem.
B: Pink-tinged urine is a common finding following prostate surgery and is expected during bladder irrigation.
D: Bladder spasms are common after prostate surgery and can be managed with appropriate medications.
E, F, G: These choices are not provided, but they would be incorrect as they are not related to complications of bladder irrigation post-prostate surgery.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor? Which lab value should the nurse monitor for lisinopril?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum calcium
- C. Serum magnesium
- D. Serum chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should monitor serum potassium levels because lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause potassium retention leading to hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can result in serious cardiac complications. Monitoring potassium levels allows timely intervention if levels become elevated. Serum calcium, magnesium, and chloride are not typically affected by lisinopril, making choices B, C, and D incorrect. The correct answer, A, is crucial for patient safety and reflects the physiological impact of lisinopril on potassium levels.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a cesarean section. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Which finding post-cesarean should the nurse report?
- A. Lochia serosa
- B. Fundus firm at the umbilicus
- C. Mild cramping
- D. Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foul-smelling vaginal discharge. This finding indicates a possible infection, which is crucial to report to the provider for prompt intervention. Foul odor may indicate endometritis or other postoperative complications.
A: Lochia serosa is a normal finding post-cesarean.
B: Fundus firm at the umbilicus is a normal finding post-cesarean, indicating proper involution.
C: Mild cramping is common post-cesarean due to uterine contractions as it returns to its pre-pregnancy size.
A nurse is educating a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy who has been newly prescribed finasteride. What should the nurse include in the teaching? What should the nurse include in finasteride teaching?
- A. Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice when taking this medication.
- C. PSA levels will increase while taking this medication.
- D. Expect to see a response from the medication within one week.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy. One of the common side effects of finasteride is a decrease in libido due to its mechanism of action on hormone levels. This information is crucial for the patient to be aware of to monitor and report any changes in sexual function. Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with finasteride. Choice C is incorrect as PSA levels typically decrease with finasteride treatment. Choice D is incorrect as it may take several months to see a response from the medication due to its mechanism of action on prostate size.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for omeprazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for omeprazole?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Avoid taking with antacids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take the medication on an empty stomach. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works best when taken on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before a meal. This allows for optimal absorption and effectiveness in reducing stomach acid production. Taking it with food may decrease its absorption and effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because taking omeprazole with food can interfere with its absorption. Choice C is incorrect as taking it at bedtime may not provide the best conditions for absorption. Choice D is incorrect because omeprazole can be taken with antacids if needed, but it's best to separate the doses by at least 2 hours.